[Feat][Spec Decode] DFlash (#36847)

Signed-off-by: Benjamin Chislett <bchislett@nvidia.com>

tests/models/registry.py

@@ -1163,6 +1163,14 @@ _SPECULATIVE_DECODING_EXAMPLE_MODELS = {
     #     "JackFram/llama-160m",
     #     speculative_model="ibm-ai-platform/llama-160m-accelerator"
     # ),
+    # [DFlash]
+    "DFlashDraftModel": _HfExamplesInfo(
+        "Qwen/Qwen3.5-4B",
+        speculative_model="z-lab/Qwen3.5-4B-DFlash",
+        use_original_num_layers=True,  # Need all layers since DFlash has >1 layer,
+        max_model_len=8192,  # Reduce max len to ensure test runs in low-VRAM CI env
+        max_num_seqs=32,
+    ),
     # [Eagle]
     "EagleDeepSeekMTPModel": _HfExamplesInfo(
         "eagle618/deepseek-v3-random",

tests/v1/e2e/spec_decode/test_spec_decode.py

@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ from typing import Any
 
 import pytest
 import torch
+from tqdm import tqdm
 
 from tests.evals.gsm8k.gsm8k_eval import _build_gsm8k_prompts, evaluate_gsm8k_offline
 from tests.utils import (
@@ -1105,19 +1106,178 @@ def some_high_acceptance_metrics() -> dict:
     }
 
 
-def compute_acceptance_rate(metrics: list[Metric]) -> float:
+def compute_acceptance_rate(
+    metrics: list[Metric], prev_metrics: list[Metric] | None = None
+) -> float:
     name2metric = {metric.name: metric for metric in metrics}
-    n_draft_toks = name2metric["vllm:spec_decode_num_draft_tokens"].value  # type: ignore
+    n_draft_toks = name2metric["vllm:spec_decode_num_draft_tokens"].value
     if n_draft_toks == 0:
         return float("nan")
-    n_accepted_toks = name2metric["vllm:spec_decode_num_accepted_tokens"].value  # type: ignore
+    n_accepted_toks = name2metric["vllm:spec_decode_num_accepted_tokens"].value
+    if prev_metrics is not None:
+        prev_name2metric = {metric.name: metric for metric in prev_metrics}
+        n_draft_toks -= prev_name2metric["vllm:spec_decode_num_draft_tokens"].value
+        n_accepted_toks -= prev_name2metric[
+            "vllm:spec_decode_num_accepted_tokens"
+        ].value
+        if n_draft_toks <= 0:
+            return float("nan")
     return n_accepted_toks / n_draft_toks
 
 
-def compute_acceptance_len(metrics: list[Metric]) -> float:
+def compute_acceptance_len(
+    metrics: list[Metric], prev_metrics: list[Metric] | None = None
+) -> float:
     name2metric = {metric.name: metric for metric in metrics}
-    n_drafts = name2metric["vllm:spec_decode_num_drafts"].value  # type: ignore
-    n_accepted_toks = name2metric["vllm:spec_decode_num_accepted_tokens"].value  # type: ignore
+    n_drafts = name2metric["vllm:spec_decode_num_drafts"].value
+    n_accepted_toks = name2metric["vllm:spec_decode_num_accepted_tokens"].value
     if n_drafts == 0:
         return 1
+    if prev_metrics is not None:
+        prev_name2metric = {metric.name: metric for metric in prev_metrics}
+        n_drafts -= prev_name2metric["vllm:spec_decode_num_drafts"].value
+        n_accepted_toks -= prev_name2metric[
+            "vllm:spec_decode_num_accepted_tokens"
+        ].value
+        if n_drafts <= 0:
+            return 1
     return 1 + (n_accepted_toks / n_drafts)
+
+
+# Datasets in the format used in DFlash validations
+def load_and_process_dataset(data_name: str):
+    from datasets import load_dataset
+
+    if data_name == "gsm8k":
+        dataset = load_dataset("openai/gsm8k", "main", split="test")
+        prompt_fmt = (
+            "{question}\nPlease reason step by step,"
+            " and put your final answer within \\boxed{{}}."
+        )
+        dataset = dataset.map(lambda x: {"turns": [prompt_fmt.format(**x)]})
+    elif data_name == "mt-bench":
+        dataset = load_dataset("HuggingFaceH4/mt_bench_prompts", split="train")
+        dataset = dataset.map(lambda x: {"turns": x["prompt"]})
+    elif data_name == "humaneval":
+        dataset = load_dataset("openai/openai_humaneval", split="test")
+        prompt_fmt = (
+            "Write a solution to the following problem and make sure"
+            " that it passes the tests:\n```python\n{prompt}\n```"
+        )
+        dataset = dataset.map(lambda x: {"turns": [prompt_fmt.format(**x)]})
+
+    return dataset
+
+
+@pytest.fixture
+def dflash_config():
+    target_model = "Qwen/Qwen3-8B"
+    draft_model = "z-lab/Qwen3-8B-DFlash-b16"
+
+    return dict(
+        model=target_model,
+        trust_remote_code=True,
+        speculative_config={
+            "method": "dflash",
+            "model": draft_model,
+            "num_speculative_tokens": 16,
+            "max_model_len": 32768,
+        },
+        max_model_len=32768,
+        max_num_seqs=128,
+        gpu_memory_utilization=0.85,
+        enforce_eager=False,
+        disable_log_stats=False,
+    )
+
+
+def test_dflash_acceptance_rates(dflash_config):
+    """
+    E2E test for DFlash (block diffusion) speculative decoding.
+    Runs acceptance rate validation on GSM8k, MT-Bench, and HumanEval
+    comparing against baseline results from the paper (Table 1).
+    See https://github.com/z-lab/dflash/blob/main/benchmark_sglang.py for methodology.
+    """
+    spec_llm = LLM(**dflash_config)
+
+    max_prompts_per_dataset = 200  # mt-bench has 80, humaneval has 164, truncates gsm8k
+
+    # All scores from Table 1 in https://arxiv.org/pdf/2602.06036
+    expected_acceptance_lengths = {
+        "mt-bench": 4.24,
+        "humaneval": 6.50,
+        "gsm8k": 6.54 * 0.95,  # runs with a subset of prompts so extra wide tol here
+    }
+
+    tokenizer = spec_llm.get_tokenizer()
+    for dataset_name, expected_len in expected_acceptance_lengths.items():
+        dataset = load_and_process_dataset(dataset_name)
+        prev_metrics = None
+        acceptance_lengths = []
+        for i in tqdm(
+            range(min(max_prompts_per_dataset, len(dataset))),
+            desc=f"Processing {dataset_name}",
+        ):
+            user_content = dataset[i]["turns"][0]
+            prompt_text = tokenizer.apply_chat_template(
+                [{"role": "user", "content": user_content}],
+                tokenize=False,
+                add_generation_prompt=True,
+                enable_thinking=False,
+            )
+
+            # Temp=0, MaxTokens=2048 from the paper
+            spec_llm.generate(
+                [prompt_text],
+                SamplingParams(temperature=0, max_tokens=2048),
+                use_tqdm=False,
+            )
+            current_metrics = spec_llm.get_metrics()
+            acceptance_len = compute_acceptance_len(current_metrics, prev_metrics)
+            prev_metrics = current_metrics
+            acceptance_lengths.append(acceptance_len)
+
+        mean_acceptance_length = sum(acceptance_lengths) / len(acceptance_lengths)
+        expected_len = expected_len * 0.9
+        print(
+            f"DFlash acceptance_len for {dataset_name}: {mean_acceptance_length:.2f}"
+            f" (expected at least {expected_len:.2f})"
+        )
+
+        assert mean_acceptance_length >= expected_len, (
+            f"DFlash acceptance_len for {dataset_name} is below expected threshold:"
+            f"{mean_acceptance_length:.2f} < {expected_len:.2f}"
+        )
+
+    del spec_llm
+    torch.accelerator.empty_cache()
+    cleanup_dist_env_and_memory()
+
+
+def test_dflash_correctness(dflash_config):
+    """
+    E2E test for DFlash (block diffusion) speculative decoding.
+    Ensures output correctness on GSM8k, with cudagraphs and batching on.
+    """
+    spec_llm = LLM(**dflash_config)
+
+    # Evaluate GSM8k accuracy (Qwen3-8B ref: ~87-92% on GSM8k)
+    evaluate_llm_for_gsm8k(spec_llm, expected_accuracy_threshold=0.8)
+
+    current_metrics = spec_llm.get_metrics()
+    acceptance_len = compute_acceptance_len(current_metrics)
+
+    # AR is thoroughly validated in test_dflash_acceptance_rates, in a manner consistent
+    # with the DFlash paper. However, that test measures AL per-request and thus runs
+    # with a batch size of 1. To ensure that AL does not collapse with large batch sizes
+    # we enforce a baseline on the AL over the full lm-eval-style GSM8k test.
+    expected_len = 3.5  # Measured is 3.9 to 4.0
+    print(f"DFlash GSM8k correctness test got AL {acceptance_len}")
+    assert acceptance_len >= expected_len, (
+        "DFlash correctness check failed with"
+        f" {acceptance_len=}, expected at least {expected_len}"
+    )
+
+    del spec_llm
+    torch.accelerator.empty_cache()
+    cleanup_dist_env_and_memory()

tests/v1/spec_decode/test_eagle.py

@@ -27,6 +27,7 @@ from vllm.config.load import LoadConfig
 from vllm.model_executor.models.llama import LlamaForCausalLM
 from vllm.platforms import current_platform
 from vllm.v1.attention.backends.registry import AttentionBackendEnum
+from vllm.v1.spec_decode.dflash import DFlashProposer
 from vllm.v1.spec_decode.draft_model import DraftModelProposer
 from vllm.v1.spec_decode.eagle import EagleProposer
 from vllm.v1.spec_decode.metadata import SpecDecodeMetadata
@@ -36,6 +37,8 @@ model_dir = "meta-llama/Llama-3.1-8B-Instruct"
 eagle_dir = "yuhuili/EAGLE-LLaMA3.1-Instruct-8B"
 eagle3_dir = "yuhuili/EAGLE3-LLaMA3.1-Instruct-8B"
 ar_draft_model_dir = "amd/PARD-Llama-3.2-1B"  # Compatible with parallel and AR drafting
+dflash_target_dir = "Qwen/Qwen3-8B"
+dflash_dir = "z-lab/Qwen3-8B-DFlash-b16"
 
 BLOCK_SIZE = 16
 
@@ -47,18 +50,29 @@ def _create_proposer(
     speculative_token_tree: list[tuple[int, ...]] | None = None,
     parallel_drafting: bool = False,
 ) -> EagleProposer:
-    model_config = ModelConfig(model=model_dir, runner="generate", max_model_len=100)
-
     # Method-dependent setup
     if method == "eagle":
+        target_model_dir = model_dir
         draft_model_dir = eagle_dir
     elif method == "eagle3":
+        target_model_dir = model_dir
         draft_model_dir = eagle3_dir
     elif method == "draft_model":
+        target_model_dir = model_dir
         draft_model_dir = ar_draft_model_dir
+    elif method == "dflash":
+        target_model_dir = dflash_target_dir
+        draft_model_dir = dflash_dir
     else:
         raise ValueError(f"Unknown method: {method}")
 
+    model_config = ModelConfig(
+        model=target_model_dir,
+        runner="generate",
+        max_model_len=100,
+        trust_remote_code=(method == "dflash"),
+    )
+
     spec_token_tree_str = None
     if speculative_token_tree is not None:
         assert num_speculative_tokens == len(speculative_token_tree)
@@ -92,7 +106,9 @@ def _create_proposer(
         attention_config=AttentionConfig(backend=attention_backend),
     )
 
-    if "eagle" in method:
+    if method == "dflash":
+        proposer = DFlashProposer(vllm_config=vllm_config, device=device)
+    elif "eagle" in method:
         proposer = EagleProposer(vllm_config=vllm_config, device=device)
     else:
         proposer = DraftModelProposer(vllm_config=vllm_config, device=device)
@@ -1152,3 +1168,136 @@ def test_propose_tree(spec_token_tree):
 
     # Verify that the draft tokens match our expectations.
     assert torch.equal(result, expected_tokens)
+
+
+def test_set_inputs_first_pass_dflash():
+    """
+    Test for DFlash set_inputs_first_pass.
+
+    DFlash uses cross-attention: context tokens become K/V and only
+    query tokens (bonus + mask) are Q. This tests the DFlash-specific
+    input preparation where:
+    - Context hidden states are stored by reference (no copy)
+    - Query input_ids are [next_token, mask, mask, ...] per request
+    - Context and query positions are written to separate buffers
+    - token_indices_to_sample points to mask token positions only
+    - A new CommonAttentionMetadata is returned with causal=False
+
+    Setup:
+    - 3 requests with query_lens [3, 2, 4]
+    - num_speculative_tokens = 3
+    - num_query_per_req = 4 (1 bonus + 3 mask tokens)
+    - next_token_ids: [100, 200, 300]
+
+    Expected output layout (query tokens only, 12 total):
+    Request 0 (indices 0-3): [100, mask, mask, mask]
+    Request 1 (indices 4-7): [200, mask, mask, mask]
+    Request 2 (indices 8-11): [300, mask, mask, mask]
+
+    Expected positions layout (separate buffers):
+    Context (_context_positions_buffer, 9 tokens): copied from target_positions
+    Query (positions, 12 tokens):
+      Request 0: last_pos=9, query=[10, 11, 12, 13]
+      Request 1: last_pos=7, query=[8, 9, 10, 11]
+      Request 2: last_pos=11, query=[12, 13, 14, 15]
+    """
+    device = torch.device(current_platform.device_type)
+
+    num_speculative_tokens = 3
+    proposer = _create_proposer("dflash", num_speculative_tokens)
+    mask_token_id = proposer.parallel_drafting_token_id
+
+    # Setup batch with 3 requests
+    batch_spec = BatchSpec(
+        seq_lens=[10, 8, 12],
+        query_lens=[3, 2, 4],
+    )
+
+    common_attn_metadata = create_common_attn_metadata(
+        batch_spec,
+        block_size=BLOCK_SIZE,
+        device=device,
+        arange_block_indices=True,
+    )
+
+    # Input tensors
+    # Request 0: tokens [10, 11, 12] at positions [7, 8, 9]
+    # Request 1: tokens [20, 21] at positions [6, 7]
+    # Request 2: tokens [30, 31, 32, 33] at positions [8, 9, 10, 11]
+    target_token_ids = torch.tensor(
+        [10, 11, 12, 20, 21, 30, 31, 32, 33], dtype=torch.int32, device=device
+    )
+    target_positions = torch.tensor(
+        [7, 8, 9, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11], dtype=torch.int64, device=device
+    )
+    target_hidden_states = torch.randn(
+        9, proposer.hidden_size, dtype=proposer.dtype, device=device
+    )
+    next_token_ids = torch.tensor([100, 200, 300], dtype=torch.int32, device=device)
+
+    num_tokens, token_indices_to_sample, output_cad = proposer.set_inputs_first_pass(
+        target_token_ids=target_token_ids,
+        next_token_ids=next_token_ids,
+        target_positions=target_positions,
+        target_hidden_states=target_hidden_states,
+        token_indices_to_sample=None,
+        cad=common_attn_metadata,
+        num_rejected_tokens_gpu=None,
+    )
+
+    num_query_per_req = 1 + num_speculative_tokens  # 4
+    num_context = 9
+
+    # num_tokens is the query-only count
+    assert num_tokens == 3 * num_query_per_req  # 12
+
+    # Verify input_ids (query tokens only)
+    # Each request: [next_token, mask, mask, mask]
+    M = mask_token_id
+    expected_input_ids = torch.tensor(
+        [100, M, M, M, 200, M, M, M, 300, M, M, M],
+        dtype=torch.int32,
+        device=device,
+    )
+    assert torch.equal(proposer.input_ids[:num_tokens], expected_input_ids)
+
+    # Verify context positions (separate buffer): copied from target_positions
+    assert torch.equal(
+        proposer._context_positions_buffer[:num_context], target_positions
+    )
+
+    # Verify query positions (separate buffer, starts at index 0):
+    # req0: last_pos=9,  query=[10, 11, 12, 13]
+    # req1: last_pos=7,  query=[8, 9, 10, 11]
+    # req2: last_pos=11, query=[12, 13, 14, 15]
+    expected_query_positions = torch.tensor(
+        [10, 11, 12, 13, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15],
+        dtype=torch.int64,
+        device=device,
+    )
+    assert torch.equal(
+        proposer.positions[:num_tokens],
+        expected_query_positions,
+    )
+
+    # Verify token_indices_to_sample (mask tokens only, skip bonus at offset 0)
+    # req0: query indices 0-3, mask at 1,2,3
+    # req1: query indices 4-7, mask at 5,6,7
+    # req2: query indices 8-11, mask at 9,10,11
+    expected_token_indices_to_sample = torch.tensor(
+        [1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 7, 9, 10, 11], dtype=torch.int32, device=device
+    )
+    assert torch.equal(token_indices_to_sample, expected_token_indices_to_sample)
+
+    # Verify the new CAD has DFlash-specific properties
+    assert output_cad.causal is False  # DFlash requires non-causal attention
+    assert output_cad.num_actual_tokens == num_tokens  # query-only count
+    assert output_cad.max_query_len == num_query_per_req
+
+    expected_query_start_loc = torch.tensor(
+        [0, 4, 8, 12], dtype=torch.int32, device=device
+    )
+    assert torch.equal(output_cad.query_start_loc, expected_query_start_loc)
+
+    # Verify hidden states (stored by reference, not copied)
+    assert proposer._dflash_hidden_states is target_hidden_states

vllm/config/speculative.py

@@ -47,8 +47,11 @@ MTPModelTypes = Literal[
     "pangu_ultra_moe_mtp",
     "step3p5_mtp",
 ]
-EagleModelTypes = Literal["eagle", "eagle3", "extract_hidden_states", MTPModelTypes]
 NgramGPUTypes = Literal["ngram_gpu"]
+DFlashModelTypes = Literal["dflash"]
+EagleModelTypes = Literal[
+    "eagle", "eagle3", "extract_hidden_states", MTPModelTypes, DFlashModelTypes
+]
 SpeculativeMethod = Literal[
     "ngram",
     "medusa",
@@ -206,7 +209,11 @@ class SpeculativeConfig:
         factors: list[Any] = []
         # Eagle3 and extract_hidden_states affect the computation graph because
         # they return intermediate hidden states in addition to the final hidden state.
-        uses_aux_hidden_states = self.method in ("eagle3", "extract_hidden_states")
+        uses_aux_hidden_states = self.method in (
+            "eagle3",
+            "extract_hidden_states",
+            "dflash",
+        )
         factors.append(uses_aux_hidden_states)
 
         # The specific layers used also affect the computation graph
@@ -490,7 +497,7 @@ class SpeculativeConfig:
                 )
 
                 # Automatically detect the method
-                if self.method in ("eagle", "eagle3"):
+                if self.method in ("eagle", "eagle3", "dflash"):
                     pass
                 # examples:
                 # yuhuili/EAGLE-LLaMA3-Instruct-8B
@@ -500,6 +507,8 @@ class SpeculativeConfig:
                     self.method = "eagle"
                 elif "eagle3" in self.draft_model_config.model.lower():
                     self.method = "eagle3"
+                elif "dflash" in self.draft_model_config.model.lower():
+                    self.method = "dflash"
                 elif self.draft_model_config.hf_config.model_type == "medusa":
                     self.method = "medusa"
                 elif self.draft_model_config.hf_config.model_type == "mlp_speculator":
@@ -532,7 +541,7 @@ class SpeculativeConfig:
                     )
 
                 # Replace hf_config for EAGLE draft_model
-                if self.method in ("eagle", "eagle3"):
+                if self.method in ("eagle", "eagle3", "dflash"):
                     from vllm.transformers_utils.configs.eagle import EAGLEConfig
                     from vllm.transformers_utils.configs.speculators import (
                         SpeculatorsConfig,
@@ -552,6 +561,9 @@ class SpeculativeConfig:
                         self.draft_model_config.hf_config = eagle_config
                         self.update_arch_()
 
+                if self.method == "dflash":
+                    self.parallel_drafting = True
+
                 if self.num_speculative_tokens is not None and hasattr(
                     self.draft_model_config.hf_config, "num_lookahead_tokens"
                 ):
@@ -807,7 +819,7 @@ class SpeculativeConfig:
             "kimi_k25",
         ]
         if (
-            self.method in ("eagle3", "extract_hidden_states")
+            self.method in ("eagle3", "extract_hidden_states", "dflash")
             and self.target_model_config
             and not any(
                 supported_model in self.target_model_config.hf_text_config.model_type
@@ -855,7 +867,10 @@ class SpeculativeConfig:
         return slots_per_req
 
     def use_eagle(self) -> bool:
-        return self.method in ("eagle", "eagle3", "mtp")
+        return self.method in ("eagle", "eagle3", "mtp", "dflash")
+
+    def use_dflash(self) -> bool:
+        return self.method == "dflash"
 
     def uses_draft_model(self) -> bool:
         return self.method == "draft_model"

vllm/config/vllm.py

@@ -1327,6 +1327,26 @@ class VllmConfig:
                     max_num_batched_tokens - scheduled_token_delta
                 )
 
+            if self.scheduler_config.max_num_scheduled_tokens <= 0:
+                raise ValueError(
+                    "max_num_scheduled_tokens is set to"
+                    f" {self.scheduler_config.max_num_scheduled_tokens} based on"
+                    " the speculative decoding settings, which does not allow"
+                    " any tokens to be scheduled. Increase max_num_batched_tokens"
+                    " to accommodate the additional draft token slots, or decrease"
+                    " num_speculative_tokens or max_num_seqs."
+                )
+            if self.scheduler_config.max_num_scheduled_tokens < 8192:
+                logger.warning_once(
+                    "max_num_scheduled_tokens is set to"
+                    f" {self.scheduler_config.max_num_scheduled_tokens} based on"
+                    " the speculative decoding settings. This may lead to suboptimal"
+                    " performance. Consider increasing max_num_batched_tokens to"
+                    " accommodate the additional draft token slots, or decrease"
+                    " num_speculative_tokens or max_num_seqs.",
+                    scope="local",
+                )
+
             max_num_scheduled_tokens = self.scheduler_config.max_num_scheduled_tokens
             if max_num_batched_tokens < max_num_scheduled_tokens + (
                 self.speculative_config.max_num_new_slots_for_drafting

vllm/model_executor/models/qwen3.py

@@ -285,6 +285,7 @@ class Qwen3ForCausalLM(
 
         self.config = config
 
+        self.vllm_config = vllm_config
         self.quant_config = quant_config
         self.model = Qwen3Model(
             vllm_config=vllm_config, prefix=maybe_prefix(prefix, "model")

vllm/model_executor/models/qwen3_dflash.py

@@ -0,0 +1,619 @@
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
+# SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright contributors to the vLLM project
+
+from collections.abc import Iterable
+
+import torch
+import torch.nn.functional as F
+from torch import nn
+from transformers import Qwen3Config
+
+from vllm import _custom_ops as ops
+from vllm.compilation.decorators import support_torch_compile
+from vllm.config import CacheConfig, VllmConfig, get_current_vllm_config
+from vllm.distributed import get_tensor_model_parallel_world_size
+from vllm.logger import init_logger
+from vllm.model_executor.layers.attention import Attention
+from vllm.model_executor.layers.layernorm import RMSNorm
+from vllm.model_executor.layers.linear import (
+    QKVParallelLinear,
+    ReplicatedLinear,
+    RowParallelLinear,
+)
+from vllm.model_executor.layers.logits_processor import LogitsProcessor
+from vllm.model_executor.layers.quantization.base_config import QuantizationConfig
+from vllm.model_executor.layers.rotary_embedding import get_rope
+from vllm.model_executor.layers.vocab_parallel_embedding import (
+    ParallelLMHead,
+    VocabParallelEmbedding,
+)
+from vllm.model_executor.model_loader.weight_utils import (
+    default_weight_loader,
+    maybe_remap_kv_scale_name,
+)
+from vllm.multimodal.inputs import NestedTensors
+from vllm.transformers_utils.config import set_default_rope_theta
+from vllm.v1.attention.backend import AttentionType
+
+from .qwen2 import Qwen2MLP as Qwen3MLP
+from .qwen3 import Qwen3ForCausalLM
+from .utils import (
+    AutoWeightsLoader,
+    get_draft_quant_config,
+    maybe_prefix,
+    process_eagle_weight,
+)
+
+logger = init_logger(__name__)
+
+
+class DFlashQwen3Attention(nn.Module):
+    """Attention for DFlash speculative decoding.
+
+    Context KVs are pre-inserted into the KV cache before the forward pass.
+    This layer handles only query tokens via standard attention.
+    Adapted from Qwen3Attention."""
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        hidden_size: int,
+        num_heads: int,
+        num_kv_heads: int,
+        rope_parameters: dict,
+        max_position: int = 4096 * 32,
+        head_dim: int | None = None,
+        rms_norm_eps: float = 1e-06,
+        attention_bias: bool = False,
+        cache_config: CacheConfig | None = None,
+        quant_config: QuantizationConfig | None = None,
+        prefix: str = "",
+        attn_type: str = AttentionType.DECODER,
+    ) -> None:
+        super().__init__()
+        self.layer_name = prefix
+        self.hidden_size = hidden_size
+        tp_size = get_tensor_model_parallel_world_size()
+        self.total_num_heads = num_heads
+        assert self.total_num_heads % tp_size == 0
+        self.num_heads = self.total_num_heads // tp_size
+        self.total_num_kv_heads = num_kv_heads
+        if self.total_num_kv_heads >= tp_size:
+            assert self.total_num_kv_heads % tp_size == 0
+        else:
+            assert tp_size % self.total_num_kv_heads == 0
+        self.num_kv_heads = max(1, self.total_num_kv_heads // tp_size)
+        self.head_dim = head_dim or hidden_size // self.total_num_heads
+        self.q_size = self.num_heads * self.head_dim
+        self.kv_size = self.num_kv_heads * self.head_dim
+        self.scaling = self.head_dim**-0.5
+
+        self.qkv_proj = QKVParallelLinear(
+            hidden_size,
+            self.head_dim,
+            self.total_num_heads,
+            self.total_num_kv_heads,
+            bias=attention_bias,
+            quant_config=quant_config,
+            prefix=f"{prefix}.qkv_proj",
+        )
+        self.o_proj = RowParallelLinear(
+            self.total_num_heads * self.head_dim,
+            hidden_size,
+            bias=attention_bias,  # DFlash has o_proj bias when using attention bias
+            quant_config=quant_config,
+            prefix=f"{prefix}.o_proj",
+        )
+
+        self.rotary_emb = get_rope(
+            self.head_dim,
+            max_position=max_position,
+            rope_parameters=rope_parameters,
+        )
+        self.attn = Attention(
+            self.num_heads,
+            self.head_dim,
+            self.scaling,
+            num_kv_heads=self.num_kv_heads,
+            cache_config=cache_config,
+            quant_config=quant_config,
+            prefix=f"{prefix}.attn",
+            attn_type=attn_type,
+        )
+        self.q_norm = RMSNorm(self.head_dim, eps=rms_norm_eps)
+        self.k_norm = RMSNorm(self.head_dim, eps=rms_norm_eps)
+
+    def forward(
+        self,
+        positions: torch.Tensor,
+        hidden_states: torch.Tensor,
+    ) -> torch.Tensor:
+        """DFlash attention assumes that the KV cache is already populated
+        with the context K/V from the target model's hidden states. This forward op
+        computes attention for the query tokens only.
+        See also: precompute_and_store_context_kv"""
+        qkv = F.linear(hidden_states, self.qkv_proj.weight, self.qkv_proj.bias)
+        q, k, v = qkv.split([self.q_size, self.kv_size, self.kv_size], dim=-1)
+
+        # Per-head RMSNorm
+        q_shape, k_shape = q.shape, k.shape
+        q = self.q_norm(
+            q.view(*q_shape[:-1], q_shape[-1] // self.head_dim, self.head_dim)
+        ).view(q_shape)
+        k = self.k_norm(
+            k.view(*k_shape[:-1], k_shape[-1] // self.head_dim, self.head_dim)
+        ).view(k_shape)
+
+        q, k = self.rotary_emb(positions, q, k)
+
+        attn_output = self.attn(q, k, v)
+        output, _ = self.o_proj(attn_output)
+        return output
+
+
+class DFlashQwen3DecoderLayer(nn.Module):
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        vllm_config: VllmConfig,
+        *,
+        config: Qwen3Config,
+        cache_config: CacheConfig | None = None,
+        quant_config: QuantizationConfig | None = None,
+        prefix: str = "",
+    ) -> None:
+        super().__init__()
+        self.hidden_size = config.hidden_size
+        set_default_rope_theta(config, default_theta=1000000)
+        attn_type = AttentionType.DECODER
+
+        self.self_attn = DFlashQwen3Attention(
+            hidden_size=self.hidden_size,
+            num_heads=config.num_attention_heads,
+            max_position=config.max_position_embeddings,
+            num_kv_heads=config.num_key_value_heads,
+            rms_norm_eps=config.rms_norm_eps,
+            attention_bias=getattr(config, "attention_bias", False),
+            head_dim=getattr(config, "head_dim", None),
+            cache_config=cache_config,
+            quant_config=quant_config,
+            rope_parameters=config.rope_parameters,
+            prefix=f"{prefix}.self_attn",
+            attn_type=attn_type,
+        )
+        self.mlp = Qwen3MLP(
+            hidden_size=self.hidden_size,
+            intermediate_size=config.intermediate_size,
+            hidden_act=config.hidden_act,
+            quant_config=quant_config,
+            prefix=f"{prefix}.mlp",
+        )
+        self.input_layernorm = RMSNorm(config.hidden_size, eps=config.rms_norm_eps)
+        self.post_attention_layernorm = RMSNorm(
+            config.hidden_size, eps=config.rms_norm_eps
+        )
+
+    def forward(
+        self,
+        positions: torch.Tensor,
+        hidden_states: torch.Tensor,
+        residual: torch.Tensor | None,
+    ) -> tuple[torch.Tensor, torch.Tensor]:
+        if residual is not None:
+            hidden_states, residual = self.input_layernorm(hidden_states, residual)
+        else:
+            residual = hidden_states
+            hidden_states = self.input_layernorm(hidden_states)
+
+        hidden_states = self.self_attn(
+            positions=positions,
+            hidden_states=hidden_states,
+        )
+
+        hidden_states, residual = self.post_attention_layernorm(hidden_states, residual)
+        hidden_states = self.mlp(hidden_states)
+        return hidden_states, residual
+
+
+@support_torch_compile
+class DFlashQwen3Model(nn.Module):
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        *,
+        vllm_config: VllmConfig,
+        start_layer_id: int = 0,
+        prefix: str = "",
+    ) -> None:
+        super().__init__()
+        self.config = vllm_config.speculative_config.draft_model_config.hf_config
+        self.vocab_size = self.config.vocab_size
+        self.quant_config = get_draft_quant_config(vllm_config)
+
+        drafter_config = getattr(self.config, "eagle_config", {})
+        drafter_config.update(getattr(self.config, "dflash_config", {}))
+
+        if drafter_config is not None and "use_aux_hidden_state" in drafter_config:
+            self.use_aux_hidden_state = drafter_config["use_aux_hidden_state"]
+        else:
+            self.use_aux_hidden_state = True
+
+        current_vllm_config = get_current_vllm_config()
+
+        self.embed_tokens = VocabParallelEmbedding(
+            self.config.vocab_size,
+            self.config.hidden_size,
+            prefix=maybe_prefix(prefix, "embed_tokens"),
+        )
+
+        self.layers = nn.ModuleList(
+            [
+                DFlashQwen3DecoderLayer(
+                    current_vllm_config,
+                    prefix=maybe_prefix(prefix, f"layers.{layer_idx + start_layer_id}"),
+                    config=self.config,
+                )
+                for layer_idx in range(self.config.num_hidden_layers)
+            ]
+        )
+        if self.use_aux_hidden_state:
+            num_features_to_use = self.config.num_hidden_layers
+            if "target_layer_ids" in drafter_config:
+                num_features_to_use = len(drafter_config["target_layer_ids"])
+            elif "layer_ids" in drafter_config:
+                num_features_to_use = len(drafter_config["layer_ids"])
+            if hasattr(self.config, "target_hidden_size"):
+                fc_input_size = self.config.target_hidden_size * num_features_to_use
+            else:
+                fc_input_size = self.config.hidden_size * num_features_to_use
+            self.fc = ReplicatedLinear(
+                input_size=fc_input_size,
+                output_size=self.config.hidden_size,
+                bias=False,
+                params_dtype=vllm_config.model_config.dtype,
+                quant_config=self.quant_config,
+                prefix=maybe_prefix(prefix, "fc"),
+                return_bias=False,
+            )
+        self.hidden_norm = RMSNorm(
+            self.config.hidden_size,
+            eps=self.config.rms_norm_eps,
+        )
+        self.norm = RMSNorm(
+            self.config.hidden_size,
+            eps=self.config.rms_norm_eps,
+        )
+
+    def embed_input_ids(self, input_ids: torch.Tensor) -> torch.Tensor:
+        return self.embed_tokens(input_ids)
+
+    def _build_fused_kv_buffers(self) -> None:
+        """Build fused weight buffers for precompute_and_store_context_kv.
+
+        Must be called after weights are loaded. Stacks the KV-projection
+        weights, K-norm weights, and RoPE parameters from every attention
+        layer so that precompute_and_store_context_kv can run one fused
+        GEMM for all layers at once. Also aliases the weight of the hidden_norm.
+        """
+        layers_attn = [layer.self_attn for layer in self.layers]
+        attn0 = layers_attn[0]
+        has_bias = attn0.qkv_proj.bias is not None
+
+        self._hidden_norm_weight = self.hidden_norm.weight.data
+
+        # KV projection weights: [num_layers * 2 * kv_size, hidden_size]
+        kv_weights = [a.qkv_proj.weight[a.q_size :] for a in layers_attn]
+        self._fused_kv_weight = torch.cat(kv_weights, dim=0)
+        if has_bias:
+            kv_biases = [a.qkv_proj.bias[a.q_size :] for a in layers_attn]
+            self._fused_kv_bias: torch.Tensor | None = torch.cat(kv_biases, dim=0)
+        else:
+            self._fused_kv_bias = None
+
+        # K-norm weights: list of [head_dim] tensors, one per layer.
+        self._k_norm_weights = [a.k_norm.weight.data for a in layers_attn]
+
+        # RoPE parameters
+        self._rope_head_size = attn0.rotary_emb.head_size
+        self._rope_cos_sin_cache = attn0.rotary_emb.cos_sin_cache
+        self._rope_is_neox = attn0.rotary_emb.is_neox_style
+        # Validation that RoPE params are the same across all layers
+        for attn in layers_attn[1:]:
+            assert (
+                attn.rotary_emb.head_size == self._rope_head_size
+                and attn.rotary_emb.is_neox_style == self._rope_is_neox
+            ), "All layers must have the same RoPE parameters for DFlash precomputation"
+
+        # Layer metadata
+        self._num_attn_layers = len(layers_attn)
+        self._kv_size = attn0.kv_size
+        self._head_dim = attn0.head_dim
+        self._num_kv_heads = attn0.num_kv_heads
+        self._rms_norm_eps = attn0.q_norm.variance_epsilon
+        # Validation that all layers have the same attention config
+        for attn in layers_attn[1:]:
+            assert (
+                attn.kv_size == self._kv_size
+                and attn.head_dim == self._head_dim
+                and attn.num_kv_heads == self._num_kv_heads
+                and attn.q_norm.variance_epsilon == self._rms_norm_eps
+            ), "All layers must have the same attn config for DFlash precomputation"
+
+        # References to inner Attention layers for direct cache writes
+        self._attn_layers = [layer.self_attn.attn for layer in self.layers]
+
+    def precompute_and_store_context_kv(
+        self,
+        context_states: torch.Tensor,
+        context_positions: torch.Tensor,
+        context_slot_mapping: torch.Tensor | None = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        """Precompute K/V for context states write them into each layer's KV cache.
+
+        Input context states are projected to K/V, normed, and have RoPE applied.
+        Since the context shape is different than the query shape, we can't rely on the
+        regular forward pass to apply torch.compile and CUDA graphs to this section.
+        As such, this function is optimized to minimize the number of torch ops present:
+        we use fused vLLM kernels for RMSNorm and RoPE, fuse the GEMM into one
+        large projection, and avoid cloning buffers (with .contiguous()) where possible.
+
+        When context_slot_mapping is None (e.g. during dummy_run) only
+        the computation runs, and no K/V is written to cache.
+        """
+        if not hasattr(self, "_num_attn_layers"):
+            logger.warning_once(
+                "DFlash buffer initialization was skipped. If dummy weights are not "
+                "in use, this may indicate an error in weight loading."
+            )
+            self._build_fused_kv_buffers()
+
+        num_ctx = context_states.shape[0]
+        L = self._num_attn_layers
+        kv = self._kv_size
+        hd = self._head_dim
+        nkv = self._num_kv_heads
+
+        # --- Fused KV projection (one GEMM for all layers) ---
+        normed_context_states = torch.empty_like(context_states)
+        ops.rms_norm(
+            normed_context_states,
+            context_states,
+            self._hidden_norm_weight,
+            self._rms_norm_eps,
+        )
+        all_kv_flat = F.linear(
+            normed_context_states, self._fused_kv_weight, self._fused_kv_bias
+        )
+        # Single contiguous copy that separates K/V and transposes to
+        # layer-major layout.  Result: [2, L, num_ctx, nkv, hd] contiguous.
+        # Indexing dim-0 gives contiguous [L, num_ctx, nkv, hd] for K and V.
+        all_kv = (
+            all_kv_flat.view(num_ctx, L, 2, nkv, hd).permute(2, 1, 0, 3, 4).contiguous()
+        )
+        all_k = all_kv[0]  # [L, num_ctx, nkv, hd], contiguous
+        all_v = all_kv[1]  # [L, num_ctx, nkv, hd], contiguous
+
+        # --- Per-layer RMSNorm K (3D: [num_ctx, nkv, hd] per layer) ---
+        all_k_normed = torch.empty_like(all_k)
+        for i in range(L):
+            ops.rms_norm(
+                all_k_normed[i],
+                all_k[i],
+                self._k_norm_weights[i],
+                self._rms_norm_eps,
+            )
+
+        # --- Fused RoPE across all layers ---
+        # View as [L * num_ctx, kv] so RoPE sees one big batch (no copy).
+        # In-place RoPE: pass K as the "query" arg with key=None.
+        all_k_flat = all_k_normed.view(L * num_ctx, kv)
+        positions_repeated = context_positions.repeat(L)
+        cos_sin_cache = self._rope_cos_sin_cache
+        if cos_sin_cache.dtype != all_k_flat.dtype:
+            cos_sin_cache = cos_sin_cache.to(dtype=all_k_flat.dtype)
+        ops.rotary_embedding(
+            positions_repeated,
+            all_k_flat,
+            None,
+            self._rope_head_size,
+            cos_sin_cache,
+            self._rope_is_neox,
+        )
+
+        if context_slot_mapping is None:
+            return
+
+        # --- Per-layer cache insert ---
+        all_k_final = all_k_flat.view(L, num_ctx, nkv, hd)
+        for i in range(L):
+            attn = self._attn_layers[i]
+            kv_cache = attn.kv_cache
+            attn.impl.do_kv_cache_update(
+                attn,
+                all_k_final[i],
+                all_v[i],
+                kv_cache,
+                context_slot_mapping,
+            )
+
+    def forward(
+        self,
+        input_ids: torch.Tensor,
+        positions: torch.Tensor,
+        input_embeds: torch.Tensor | None = None,
+    ) -> torch.Tensor:
+        if input_embeds is None:
+            input_embeds = self.embed_input_ids(input_ids)
+
+        hidden_states = input_embeds
+
+        residual = None
+        for layer in self.layers:
+            hidden_states, residual = layer(
+                positions=positions,
+                hidden_states=hidden_states,
+                residual=residual,
+            )
+        hidden_states, _ = self.norm(hidden_states, residual)
+        return hidden_states
+
+    def load_weights(self, weights: Iterable[tuple[str, torch.Tensor]]) -> set[str]:
+        stacked_params_mapping = [
+            (".qkv_proj", ".q_proj", "q"),
+            (".qkv_proj", ".k_proj", "k"),
+            (".qkv_proj", ".v_proj", "v"),
+            (".gate_up_proj", ".gate_proj", 0),
+            (".gate_up_proj", ".up_proj", 1),
+        ]
+        params_dict = dict(self.named_parameters())
+        loaded_params: set[str] = set()
+        for name, loaded_weight in weights:
+            if "midlayer." in name:
+                name = name.replace("midlayer.", "layers.0.")
+            if self.quant_config is not None and (
+                scale_name := self.quant_config.get_cache_scale(name)
+            ):
+                param = params_dict[scale_name]
+                weight_loader = getattr(param, "weight_loader", default_weight_loader)
+                loaded_weight = (
+                    loaded_weight if loaded_weight.dim() == 0 else loaded_weight[0]
+                )
+                weight_loader(param, loaded_weight)
+                loaded_params.add(scale_name)
+                continue
+            if "scale" in name:
+                name = maybe_remap_kv_scale_name(name, params_dict)
+                if name is None:
+                    continue
+            for param_name, weight_name, shard_id in stacked_params_mapping:
+                if weight_name not in name:
+                    continue
+                name = name.replace(weight_name, param_name)
+                param = params_dict[name]
+                weight_loader = param.weight_loader
+                weight_loader(param, loaded_weight, shard_id)
+                break
+            else:
+                param = params_dict[name]
+                weight_loader = getattr(param, "weight_loader", default_weight_loader)
+                weight_loader(param, loaded_weight)
+            loaded_params.add(name)
+        return loaded_params
+
+
+class DFlashQwen3ForCausalLM(Qwen3ForCausalLM):
+    def __init__(self, *, vllm_config: VllmConfig, prefix: str = ""):
+        nn.Module.__init__(self)
+        self.config = vllm_config.speculative_config.draft_model_config.hf_config
+        if getattr(self.config, "draft_vocab_size", None) is None:
+            self.config.draft_vocab_size = getattr(self.config, "vocab_size", None)
+        target_layer_num = vllm_config.model_config.get_num_layers(
+            vllm_config.parallel_config
+        )
+        self.config.target_layer_count = target_layer_num
+        self.model = DFlashQwen3Model(
+            vllm_config=vllm_config,
+            prefix="model",
+            start_layer_id=target_layer_num,
+        )
+
+        logit_scale = getattr(self.config, "logit_scale", 1.0)
+        self.lm_head = ParallelLMHead(
+            self.config.draft_vocab_size,
+            self.config.hidden_size,
+            prefix=maybe_prefix(prefix, "lm_head"),
+        )
+        self.logits_processor = LogitsProcessor(
+            self.config.draft_vocab_size, scale=logit_scale
+        )
+        self.draft_id_to_target_id = None
+
+    def embed_input_ids(
+        self,
+        input_ids: torch.Tensor,
+        multimodal_embeddings: NestedTensors | None = None,
+        is_multimodal: torch.Tensor | None = None,
+    ) -> torch.Tensor:
+        return self.model.embed_input_ids(input_ids)
+
+    def forward(
+        self,
+        input_ids: torch.Tensor,
+        positions: torch.Tensor,
+        inputs_embeds: torch.Tensor | None = None,
+    ) -> torch.Tensor:
+        return self.model(input_ids, positions, inputs_embeds)
+
+    def compute_logits(
+        self,
+        hidden_states: torch.Tensor,
+    ) -> torch.Tensor | None:
+        logits = self.logits_processor(self.lm_head, hidden_states)
+        if self.draft_id_to_target_id is None:
+            return logits
+
+        base = torch.arange(self.config.draft_vocab_size, device=logits.device)
+        targets = base + self.draft_id_to_target_id
+        logits_new = logits.new_full(
+            (logits.shape[0], self.config.vocab_size),
+            float("-inf"),
+        )
+        logits_new[:, targets] = logits
+        return logits_new
+
+    def precompute_and_store_context_kv(
+        self,
+        context_states: torch.Tensor,
+        context_positions: torch.Tensor,
+        context_slot_mapping: torch.Tensor | None = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        """Precompute projected + RoPE'd K/V and write to cache."""
+        self.model.precompute_and_store_context_kv(
+            context_states, context_positions, context_slot_mapping
+        )
+
+    def combine_hidden_states(
+        self,
+        hidden_states: torch.Tensor,
+    ) -> torch.Tensor:
+        if not self.model.use_aux_hidden_state:
+            return hidden_states
+        needs_squeeze = hidden_states.dim() == 1
+        if needs_squeeze:
+            hidden_states = hidden_states.unsqueeze(0)
+        result = self.model.fc(hidden_states)
+        if needs_squeeze:
+            result = result.squeeze(0)
+        return result
+
+    def load_weights(self, weights: Iterable[tuple[str, torch.Tensor]]):
+        model_weights = {}
+        includes_draft_id_mapping = False
+        includes_embed_tokens = False
+        for name, loaded_weight in weights:
+            assert "mask_hidden" not in name, (
+                "DFlash should use mask_token_id to embed the padding hidden state"
+            )
+            if "t2d" in name:
+                continue
+            if "d2t" in name:
+                name = name.replace("d2t", "draft_id_to_target_id")
+                includes_draft_id_mapping = True
+            elif "lm_head" not in name:
+                name = "model." + name
+            if "embed_tokens" in name:
+                includes_embed_tokens = True
+            model_weights[name] = loaded_weight
+            process_eagle_weight(self, name)
+
+        skip_substrs = []
+        if not includes_draft_id_mapping:
+            skip_substrs.append("draft_id_to_target_id")
+        if not includes_embed_tokens:
+            skip_substrs.append("embed_tokens")
+        if not self.model.use_aux_hidden_state:
+            skip_substrs.append("fc.")
+        loader = AutoWeightsLoader(
+            self,
+            skip_prefixes=None,
+            skip_substrs=skip_substrs,
+        )
+        loader.load_weights(model_weights.items())
+        self.model._build_fused_kv_buffers()

vllm/model_executor/models/qwen3_next.py

@@ -56,6 +56,7 @@ from vllm.sequence import IntermediateTensors
 from vllm.transformers_utils.configs.qwen3_next import Qwen3NextConfig
 
 from .interfaces import (
+    EagleModelMixin,
     HasInnerState,
     IsHybrid,
     MixtureOfExperts,
@@ -454,7 +455,7 @@ class Qwen3NextDecoderLayer(nn.Module):
 
 
 @support_torch_compile
-class Qwen3NextModel(nn.Module):
+class Qwen3NextModel(nn.Module, EagleModelMixin):
     def __init__(self, *, vllm_config: VllmConfig, prefix: str = ""):
         super().__init__()
 
@@ -492,8 +493,6 @@ class Qwen3NextModel(nn.Module):
         else:
             self.norm = PPMissingLayer()
 
-        self.aux_hidden_state_layers: tuple[int, ...] = ()
-
     def embed_input_ids(self, input_ids: torch.Tensor) -> torch.Tensor:
         return self.embed_tokens(input_ids)
 
@@ -515,20 +514,19 @@ class Qwen3NextModel(nn.Module):
             hidden_states = intermediate_tensors["hidden_states"]
             residual = intermediate_tensors["residual"]
 
-        aux_hidden_states = []
+        aux_hidden_states = self._maybe_add_hidden_state([], 0, hidden_states, residual)
         for layer_idx, layer in enumerate(
             islice(self.layers, self.start_layer, self.end_layer),
             start=self.start_layer,
         ):
-            if layer_idx in self.aux_hidden_state_layers:
-                aux_hidden_states.append(
-                    hidden_states + residual if residual is not None else hidden_states
-                )
             hidden_states, residual = layer(
                 positions=positions,
                 hidden_states=hidden_states,
                 residual=residual,
             )
+            self._maybe_add_hidden_state(
+                aux_hidden_states, layer_idx + 1, hidden_states, residual
+            )
 
         if not get_pp_group().is_last_rank:
             return IntermediateTensors(

vllm/model_executor/models/registry.py

@@ -546,6 +546,7 @@ _SPECULATIVE_DECODING_MODELS = {
     "EagleLlamaForCausalLM": ("llama_eagle", "EagleLlamaForCausalLM"),
     "EagleLlama4ForCausalLM": ("llama4_eagle", "EagleLlama4ForCausalLM"),
     "EagleMiniCPMForCausalLM": ("minicpm_eagle", "EagleMiniCPMForCausalLM"),
+    "DFlashDraftModel": ("qwen3_dflash", "DFlashQwen3ForCausalLM"),
     "Eagle3LlamaForCausalLM": ("llama_eagle3", "Eagle3LlamaForCausalLM"),
     "LlamaForCausalLMEagle3": ("llama_eagle3", "Eagle3LlamaForCausalLM"),
     "Eagle3Qwen2_5vlForCausalLM": ("llama_eagle3", "Eagle3LlamaForCausalLM"),

vllm/transformers_utils/configs/eagle.py

@@ -62,9 +62,20 @@ class EAGLEConfig(PretrainedConfig):
                 else f"Eagle3{arch}"
                 for arch in self.model.architectures
             ]
+        elif method == "dflash":
+            assert self.model is not None, (
+                "model should not be None when method is dflash"
+            )
+            kwargs["architectures"] = [
+                arch
+                if arch.startswith("DFlash") or arch.endswith("DFlash")
+                else f"DFlash{arch}"
+                for arch in self.model.architectures
+            ]
         else:
             raise ValueError(
-                f"Invalid method {method}. Supported methods are eagle and eagle3."
+                f"Invalid method {method}. Supported methods are "
+                "eagle, eagle3, and dflash."
             )
 
         super().__init__(**kwargs)

vllm/v1/attention/backend.py

@@ -220,6 +220,17 @@ class AttentionBackend(ABC):
     def supports_per_head_quant_scales(cls) -> bool:
         return False
 
+    @classmethod
+    def supports_non_causal(cls) -> bool:
+        """Check if backend supports non-causal (bidirectional) attention
+        for decoder models.
+
+        Unlike ENCODER_ONLY attention type which implies a different
+        execution model, this refers to non-causal attention within the
+        standard paged-KV-cache decoder path.
+        """
+        return False
+
     @classmethod
     def supports_attn_type(cls, attn_type: str) -> bool:
         """Check if backend supports a given attention type.
@@ -261,6 +272,7 @@ class AttentionBackend(ABC):
         use_per_head_quant_scales: bool,
         device_capability: "DeviceCapability",
         attn_type: str,
+        use_non_causal: bool = False,
     ) -> list[str]:
         invalid_reasons = []
         if not cls.supports_head_size(head_size):
@@ -293,6 +305,8 @@ class AttentionBackend(ABC):
             invalid_reasons.append("compute capability not supported")
         if not cls.supports_attn_type(attn_type):
             invalid_reasons.append(f"attention type {attn_type} not supported")
+        if use_non_causal and not cls.supports_non_causal():
+            invalid_reasons.append("non-causal attention not supported")
         combination_reason = cls.supports_combination(
             head_size,
             dtype,

vllm/v1/attention/backends/flash_attn.py

@@ -101,6 +101,10 @@ class FlashAttentionBackend(AttentionBackend):
     def get_name() -> str:
         return "FLASH_ATTN"
 
+    @classmethod
+    def supports_non_causal(cls) -> bool:
+        return True
+
     @classmethod
     def supports_attn_type(cls, attn_type: str) -> bool:
         """FlashAttention supports all attention types."""

vllm/v1/attention/selector.py

@@ -29,6 +29,7 @@ class AttentionSelectorConfig(NamedTuple):
     use_mm_prefix: bool = False
     use_per_head_quant_scales: bool = False
     attn_type: str = AttentionType.DECODER
+    use_non_causal: bool = False
 
     def __repr__(self):
         return (
@@ -41,7 +42,8 @@ class AttentionSelectorConfig(NamedTuple):
             f"use_sparse={self.use_sparse}, "
             f"use_mm_prefix={self.use_mm_prefix}, "
             f"use_per_head_quant_scales={self.use_per_head_quant_scales}, "
-            f"attn_type={self.attn_type})"
+            f"attn_type={self.attn_type}, "
+            f"use_non_causal={self.use_non_causal})"
         )
 
 
@@ -76,6 +78,11 @@ def get_attn_backend(
     else:
         block_size = None
 
+    speculative_config = vllm_config.speculative_config
+    use_non_causal = (
+        speculative_config is not None and speculative_config.method == "dflash"
+    )
+
     attn_selector_config = AttentionSelectorConfig(
         head_size=head_size,
         dtype=dtype,
@@ -87,6 +94,7 @@ def get_attn_backend(
         use_mm_prefix=use_mm_prefix,
         use_per_head_quant_scales=use_per_head_quant_scales,
         attn_type=attn_type or AttentionType.DECODER,
+        use_non_causal=use_non_causal,
     )
 
     return _cached_get_attn_backend(

vllm/v1/spec_decode/dflash.py

@@ -0,0 +1,282 @@
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
+# SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright contributors to the vLLM project
+
+from typing import Any
+
+import torch
+from typing_extensions import override
+
+from vllm.config import VllmConfig
+from vllm.forward_context import set_forward_context
+from vllm.logger import init_logger
+from vllm.triton_utils import triton
+from vllm.v1.attention.backend import CommonAttentionMetadata
+from vllm.v1.spec_decode.eagle import SpecDecodeBaseProposer
+from vllm.v1.spec_decode.utils import copy_and_expand_dflash_inputs_kernel
+
+logger = init_logger(__name__)
+
+
+class DFlashProposer(SpecDecodeBaseProposer):
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        vllm_config: VllmConfig,
+        device: torch.device,
+        runner=None,
+    ):
+        assert vllm_config.speculative_config is not None
+        assert vllm_config.speculative_config.method == "dflash"
+        super().__init__(
+            vllm_config=vllm_config,
+            device=device,
+            pass_hidden_states_to_model=True,
+            runner=runner,
+        )
+
+        # Only next_token_ids and mask tokens are query tokens, all other context is K/V
+        self.max_query_tokens = self.max_batch_size * (1 + self.num_speculative_tokens)
+        # Positions covers both context states + query states
+        self.max_positions = self.max_num_tokens + self.max_query_tokens
+
+        # Separate context buffers to keep query buffer addresses stable for CUDA graphs
+        self._context_slot_mapping_buffer = torch.zeros(
+            self.max_num_tokens,
+            dtype=torch.int64,
+            device=device,
+        )
+        self._slot_mapping_buffer = torch.zeros(
+            self.max_query_tokens,
+            dtype=torch.int64,
+            device=device,
+        )
+        self._context_positions_buffer = torch.zeros(
+            self.max_num_tokens,
+            dtype=torch.int64,
+            device=device,
+        )
+        self.positions = torch.zeros(
+            self.max_query_tokens,
+            dtype=torch.int64,
+            device=device,
+        )
+
+        self.arange = torch.arange(
+            self.max_positions + 1, device=device, dtype=torch.int32
+        )
+
+        # For DFlash we use the input embeddings to embed the mask token
+        self.parallel_drafting_hidden_state_tensor = None
+
+    @override
+    def _raise_if_multimodal(self):
+        # Override to allow multimodal inputs since DFlash supports Qwen3.5 models
+        # Support for multimodal inputs has not been tested.
+        pass
+
+    @override
+    def set_inputs_first_pass(
+        self,
+        target_token_ids: torch.Tensor,
+        next_token_ids: torch.Tensor,
+        target_positions: torch.Tensor,
+        target_hidden_states: torch.Tensor,
+        token_indices_to_sample: torch.Tensor | None,
+        cad: CommonAttentionMetadata,
+        num_rejected_tokens_gpu: torch.Tensor | None,
+    ) -> tuple[int, torch.Tensor, CommonAttentionMetadata]:
+        # DFlash cross-attention: context K/V from target hidden states,
+        # Q from query embeddings (bonus + mask tokens).
+        batch_size = cad.batch_size()
+        num_context = target_token_ids.shape[0]
+        num_query_per_req = 1 + self.num_speculative_tokens
+        num_query_total = batch_size * num_query_per_req
+
+        # Store for build_model_inputs_first_pass to use
+        self._dflash_num_context = num_context
+
+        # We don't need to copy into a buffer here since the context preprocessing
+        # does not run in a CUDA graph
+        self._dflash_hidden_states = target_hidden_states
+
+        token_indices_to_sample = torch.empty(
+            batch_size * self.num_speculative_tokens,
+            dtype=torch.int32,
+            device=self.device,
+        )
+
+        # Launch fused triton kernel for input_ids, positions, slot_mapping,
+        # and token_indices_to_sample
+        max_ctx_per_req = cad.max_query_len
+        max_tokens_per_req = max_ctx_per_req + num_query_per_req
+        BLOCK_SIZE = min(256, triton.next_power_of_2(max_tokens_per_req))
+        num_blocks = triton.cdiv(max_tokens_per_req, BLOCK_SIZE)
+        grid = (batch_size, num_blocks)
+
+        has_num_rejected = num_rejected_tokens_gpu is not None
+        copy_and_expand_dflash_inputs_kernel[grid](
+            # Inputs
+            next_token_ids_ptr=next_token_ids,
+            target_positions_ptr=target_positions,
+            # Outputs
+            out_input_ids_ptr=self.input_ids,
+            out_context_positions_ptr=self._context_positions_buffer,
+            out_query_positions_ptr=self.positions,
+            out_context_slot_mapping_ptr=self._context_slot_mapping_buffer,
+            out_query_slot_mapping_ptr=self._slot_mapping_buffer,
+            out_token_indices_ptr=token_indices_to_sample,
+            # Block table
+            block_table_ptr=cad.block_table_tensor,
+            block_table_stride=cad.block_table_tensor.stride(0),
+            # Metadata
+            query_start_loc_ptr=cad.query_start_loc,
+            num_rejected_tokens_ptr=(
+                num_rejected_tokens_gpu if has_num_rejected else 0
+            ),
+            # Scalars
+            parallel_drafting_token_id=self.parallel_drafting_token_id,
+            block_size=self.block_size,
+            num_query_per_req=num_query_per_req,
+            num_speculative_tokens=self.num_speculative_tokens,
+            total_input_tokens=num_context,
+            BLOCK_SIZE=BLOCK_SIZE,
+            HAS_NUM_REJECTED=has_num_rejected,
+        )
+
+        query_slot_mapping = self._slot_mapping_buffer[:num_query_total]
+        new_query_start_loc = self.arange[: batch_size + 1] * num_query_per_req
+
+        # In padded mode, cad.seq_lens includes rejected tokens. Subtract
+        # them so attention only sees the valid prefix of context states.
+        effective_seq_lens = cad.seq_lens
+        if has_num_rejected:
+            effective_seq_lens = effective_seq_lens - num_rejected_tokens_gpu
+
+        new_cad = CommonAttentionMetadata(
+            query_start_loc=new_query_start_loc,
+            seq_lens=effective_seq_lens + num_query_per_req,
+            query_start_loc_cpu=(
+                torch.from_numpy(self.token_arange_np[: batch_size + 1]).clone()
+                * num_query_per_req
+            ),
+            _seq_lens_cpu=None,
+            _num_computed_tokens_cpu=None,
+            num_reqs=cad.num_reqs,
+            num_actual_tokens=num_query_total,
+            max_query_len=num_query_per_req,
+            max_seq_len=cad.max_seq_len + num_query_per_req,
+            block_table_tensor=cad.block_table_tensor,
+            slot_mapping=query_slot_mapping,
+            causal=False,  # Non-causal attention is required for DFlash
+        )
+
+        return num_query_total, token_indices_to_sample, new_cad
+
+    @override
+    @torch.inference_mode()
+    def dummy_run(
+        self,
+        num_tokens: int,
+        use_cudagraphs: bool = True,
+        is_graph_capturing: bool = False,
+        slot_mappings: dict[str, torch.Tensor] | None = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        """
+        Key differences to default dummy_run:
+        - Only one forward pass due to parallel drafting
+        - DFlash uses context states as unpadded metadata, so hidden_states will
+        use the unpadded num_tokens instead of num_input_tokens
+        - max_query_tokens is quite small, DFlash only sees spec tokens as queries
+        - Multimodal inputs are not currently supported
+        """
+        num_query_tokens = min(num_tokens, self.max_query_tokens)
+        cudagraph_runtime_mode, num_input_tokens, num_tokens_across_dp = (
+            self._determine_batch_execution_and_padding(
+                num_query_tokens, use_cudagraphs=use_cudagraphs
+            )
+        )
+
+        # Slot mapping sized to num_input_tokens (query only), matching
+        # the K/V tensor size from the model forward.  Context KVs are
+        # pre-inserted separately and don't flow through the model.
+        if (
+            self._draft_attn_layer_names
+            and slot_mappings is not None
+            and next(iter(self._draft_attn_layer_names)) in slot_mappings
+        ):
+            slot_mapping_dict = self._get_slot_mapping(num_input_tokens)
+        else:
+            slot_mapping_dict = slot_mappings or {}
+
+        # Context and query positions use separate buffers; no copy needed.
+        context_positions = self._context_positions_buffer[:num_tokens]
+        # Context states will be passed directly to the precomputation without
+        # going through the buffer, since no CUDA graph is used for the precomputation.
+        # For the dummy run, we use the dummy buffer.
+        context_states = self.hidden_states[:num_tokens]
+
+        # Run the KV projection (GEMM + norms + RoPE) for memory profiling,
+        self.model.precompute_and_store_context_kv(context_states, context_positions)
+        with set_forward_context(
+            None,
+            self.vllm_config,
+            num_tokens=num_input_tokens,
+            num_tokens_across_dp=num_tokens_across_dp,
+            cudagraph_runtime_mode=cudagraph_runtime_mode,
+            slot_mapping=slot_mapping_dict,
+        ):
+            self.model(
+                input_ids=self.input_ids[:num_input_tokens],
+                positions=self._get_positions(num_input_tokens),
+                inputs_embeds=None,
+            )
+
+    @override
+    def build_model_inputs_first_pass(
+        self,
+        num_tokens: int,
+        num_input_tokens: int,
+        mm_embed_inputs: tuple[list[torch.Tensor], torch.Tensor] | None,
+    ) -> tuple[dict[str, Any], int]:
+        # Context and query positions/slots were written to separate
+        # buffers by the kernel — no copy needed.
+        num_context = self._dflash_num_context
+
+        # Pre-insert context KVs directly into cache
+        self.model.precompute_and_store_context_kv(
+            self._dflash_hidden_states,  # Shape is already [num_context, hidden_size]
+            self._context_positions_buffer[:num_context],
+            self._context_slot_mapping_buffer[:num_context],
+        )
+        return (
+            dict(
+                input_ids=self.input_ids[:num_input_tokens],
+                positions=self._get_positions(num_input_tokens),
+                inputs_embeds=None,
+            ),
+            num_input_tokens,
+        )
+
+    @override
+    def build_per_layer_attn_metadata(
+        self, cad: CommonAttentionMetadata, draft_index: int = 0
+    ) -> dict[str, object]:
+        per_layer_attention_metadata = super().build_per_layer_attn_metadata(
+            cad, draft_index
+        )
+        for layer_name, attn_metadata in per_layer_attention_metadata.items():
+            assert getattr(attn_metadata, "causal", None) is False, (
+                f"Attention metadata for layer {layer_name} does not have"
+                " non-causal support, which is required for DFlash."
+                " Consider using a different attention backend, such as FlashAttention."
+            )
+        return per_layer_attention_metadata
+
+    @override
+    def _get_eagle3_use_aux_hidden_state_from_config(self):
+        use_aux_hidden_state = True
+        dflash_config = getattr(
+            self.draft_model_config.hf_config, "dflash_config", None
+        )
+        if dflash_config is not None:
+            use_aux_hidden_state = dflash_config.get("use_aux_hidden_state", True)
+        return use_aux_hidden_state

vllm/v1/spec_decode/eagle.py

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 # SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright contributors to the vLLM project
 import ast
 from importlib.util import find_spec
-from typing import cast
+from typing import Any, cast
 
 import numpy as np
 import torch
@@ -23,6 +23,7 @@ from vllm.model_executor.models import supports_multimodal
 from vllm.model_executor.models.deepseek_eagle3 import Eagle3DeepseekV2ForCausalLM
 from vllm.model_executor.models.interfaces import SupportsMultiModal
 from vllm.model_executor.models.llama_eagle3 import Eagle3LlamaForCausalLM
+from vllm.model_executor.models.qwen3_dflash import DFlashQwen3ForCausalLM
 from vllm.multimodal import MULTIMODAL_REGISTRY
 from vllm.platforms import current_platform
 from vllm.triton_utils import triton
@@ -83,13 +84,15 @@ class SpecDecodeBaseProposer:
         self.hidden_size = self.draft_model_config.get_hidden_size()
         self.inputs_embeds_size = self.draft_model_config.get_inputs_embeds_size()
 
-        # Unifying eagle, draft model, and parallel drafting support
+        # Unifying eagle, draft model, and parallel drafting support.
+        # DFlash always uses parallel drafting (all tokens in one pass),
+        # but has an additional slot for the next_token_id (does not shift like EAGLE)
         self.parallel_drafting: bool = self.speculative_config.parallel_drafting
         self.extra_slots_per_request = (
             1 if not self.parallel_drafting else self.num_speculative_tokens
         )
         self.net_num_new_slots_per_request = self.extra_slots_per_request - (
-            1 if self.pass_hidden_states_to_model else 0
+            1 if (self.pass_hidden_states_to_model and self.method != "dflash") else 0
         )
         self.needs_extra_input_slots = self.net_num_new_slots_per_request > 0
 
@@ -101,10 +104,14 @@ class SpecDecodeBaseProposer:
             self.speculative_config.use_local_argmax_reduction
         )
 
-        max_batch_size = vllm_config.scheduler_config.max_num_seqs
+        self.max_batch_size = vllm_config.scheduler_config.max_num_seqs
         self.max_num_tokens = vllm_config.scheduler_config.max_num_batched_tokens
         self.token_arange_np = np.arange(self.max_num_tokens)
 
+        # Can be specialized by methods like DFlash to reduce the limit
+        self.max_query_tokens = self.max_num_tokens
+        self.max_positions = self.max_num_tokens
+
         # Multi-modal data support
         self.mm_registry = MULTIMODAL_REGISTRY
         self.supports_mm_inputs = self.mm_registry.supports_multimodal_inputs(
@@ -146,18 +153,20 @@ class SpecDecodeBaseProposer:
             # 1D-RoPE.
             # See page 5 of https://arxiv.org/abs/2409.12191
             self.mrope_positions = torch.zeros(
-                (3, self.max_num_tokens + 1), dtype=torch.int64, device=device
+                (3, self.max_positions + 1), dtype=torch.int64, device=device
             )
         elif self.uses_xdrope_dim > 0 and self.draft_uses_xdrope_dim > 0:
             self.xdrope_positions = torch.zeros(
-                (self.uses_xdrope_dim, self.max_num_tokens + 1),
+                (self.uses_xdrope_dim, self.max_positions + 1),
                 dtype=torch.int64,
                 device=device,
             )
         else:
             # RoPE need (max_num_tokens,)
             self.positions = torch.zeros(
-                self.max_num_tokens, dtype=torch.int64, device=device
+                self.max_positions,
+                dtype=torch.int64,
+                device=device,
             )
         self.hidden_states = torch.zeros(
             (self.max_num_tokens, self.hidden_size), dtype=self.dtype, device=device
@@ -168,7 +177,7 @@ class SpecDecodeBaseProposer:
 
         # We need +1 here because the arange is used to set query_start_loc,
         # which has one more element than batch_size.
-        max_num_slots_for_arange = max(max_batch_size + 1, self.max_num_tokens)
+        max_num_slots_for_arange = max(self.max_batch_size + 1, self.max_num_tokens)
         self.arange = torch.arange(
             max_num_slots_for_arange, device=device, dtype=torch.int32
         )
@@ -200,7 +209,7 @@ class SpecDecodeBaseProposer:
         )
 
         self.backup_next_token_ids = CpuGpuBuffer(
-            max_batch_size,
+            self.max_batch_size,
             dtype=torch.int32,
             pin_memory=is_pin_memory_available(),
             device=device,
@@ -208,7 +217,9 @@ class SpecDecodeBaseProposer:
         )
 
         self._slot_mapping_buffer = torch.zeros(
-            self.max_num_tokens, dtype=torch.int64, device=device
+            self.max_positions,
+            dtype=torch.int64,
+            device=device,
         )
 
         # Determine allowed attention backends once during initialization.
@@ -275,7 +286,7 @@ class SpecDecodeBaseProposer:
         # Precompute draft position offsets in flattened tree.
         self.tree_draft_pos_offsets = torch.arange(
             1, len(self.tree_choices) + 1, device=device, dtype=torch.int32
-        ).repeat(max_batch_size, 1)
+        ).repeat(self.max_batch_size, 1)
 
     def _raise_if_padded_drafter_batch_disabled(self):
         if self.speculative_config.disable_padded_drafter_batch:
@@ -305,14 +316,19 @@ class SpecDecodeBaseProposer:
         # for those masked slots.
 
         model_hf_config = self.draft_model_config.hf_config
-        if hasattr(model_hf_config, "pard_token"):
+        # DFlash stores mask_token_id in dflash_config
+        dflash_config = getattr(model_hf_config, "dflash_config", None)
+        if dflash_config and "mask_token_id" in dflash_config:
+            self.parallel_drafting_token_id = dflash_config["mask_token_id"]
+        elif hasattr(model_hf_config, "pard_token"):
             self.parallel_drafting_token_id = model_hf_config.pard_token
         elif hasattr(model_hf_config, "ptd_token_id"):
             self.parallel_drafting_token_id = model_hf_config.ptd_token_id
         else:
             raise ValueError(
                 "For parallel drafting, the draft model config must have "
-                "`pard_token` or `ptd_token_id` specified in its config.json."
+                "`pard_token`, `ptd_token_id`, or "
+                "`dflash_config.mask_token_id` specified in its config.json."
             )
 
         if self.pass_hidden_states_to_model:
@@ -402,9 +418,14 @@ class SpecDecodeBaseProposer:
     ) -> torch.Tensor:
         batch_size = common_attn_metadata.batch_size()
 
-        if self.method == "eagle3":
+        if self.method in ("eagle3", "dflash"):
             assert isinstance(
-                self.model, (Eagle3LlamaForCausalLM, Eagle3DeepseekV2ForCausalLM)
+                self.model,
+                (
+                    Eagle3LlamaForCausalLM,
+                    Eagle3DeepseekV2ForCausalLM,
+                    DFlashQwen3ForCausalLM,
+                ),
             )
             target_hidden_states = self.model.combine_hidden_states(
                 target_hidden_states
@@ -423,40 +444,17 @@ class SpecDecodeBaseProposer:
             )
         )
 
-        per_layer_attn_metadata: dict[str, object] = {}
-        for attn_group in self.draft_attn_groups:
-            attn_metadata = attn_group.get_metadata_builder().build_for_drafting(
-                common_attn_metadata=common_attn_metadata, draft_index=0
-            )
-            for layer_name in attn_group.layer_names:
-                per_layer_attn_metadata[layer_name] = attn_metadata
+        per_layer_attn_metadata = self.build_per_layer_attn_metadata(
+            common_attn_metadata
+        )
 
         cudagraph_runtime_mode, num_input_tokens, num_tokens_across_dp = (
             self._determine_batch_execution_and_padding(num_tokens)
         )
 
-        if self.supports_mm_inputs:
-            mm_embeds, is_mm_embed = mm_embed_inputs or (None, None)
-
-            self.inputs_embeds[:num_tokens] = self.model.embed_input_ids(
-                self.input_ids[:num_tokens],
-                multimodal_embeddings=mm_embeds,
-                is_multimodal=is_mm_embed,
-            )
-
-            input_ids = None
-            inputs_embeds = self.inputs_embeds[:num_input_tokens]
-        else:
-            input_ids = self.input_ids[:num_input_tokens]
-            inputs_embeds = None
-
-        model_kwargs = {
-            "input_ids": input_ids,
-            "positions": self._get_positions(num_input_tokens),
-            "inputs_embeds": inputs_embeds,
-        }
-        if self.pass_hidden_states_to_model:
-            model_kwargs["hidden_states"] = self.hidden_states[:num_input_tokens]
+        model_kwargs, slot_mapping_size = self.build_model_inputs_first_pass(
+            num_tokens, num_input_tokens, mm_embed_inputs
+        )
 
         with set_forward_context(
             per_layer_attn_metadata,
@@ -465,7 +463,7 @@ class SpecDecodeBaseProposer:
             num_tokens_across_dp=num_tokens_across_dp,
             cudagraph_runtime_mode=cudagraph_runtime_mode,
             slot_mapping=self._get_slot_mapping(
-                num_input_tokens, common_attn_metadata.slot_mapping
+                slot_mapping_size, common_attn_metadata.slot_mapping
             ),
         ):
             ret_hidden_states = self.model(**model_kwargs)
@@ -488,7 +486,10 @@ class SpecDecodeBaseProposer:
             positions = self.positions[token_indices_to_sample]
         hidden_states = hidden_states[token_indices_to_sample]
 
-        if isinstance(attn_metadata, TreeAttentionMetadata):
+        if any(
+            isinstance(attn_metadata, TreeAttentionMetadata)
+            for attn_metadata in per_layer_attn_metadata.values()
+        ):
             # Draft using tree attention - requires full logits for top-k
             logits = self.model.compute_logits(sample_hidden_states)
             draft_token_ids_list = self.propose_tree(
@@ -504,15 +505,16 @@ class SpecDecodeBaseProposer:
 
         draft_token_ids = self._greedy_sample(sample_hidden_states)
 
-        if self.allowed_attn_types is not None and not isinstance(
-            attn_metadata, self.allowed_attn_types
-        ):
-            raise ValueError(
-                f"Unsupported attention metadata type for speculative "
-                "decoding with num_speculative_tokens > 1: "
-                f"{type(attn_metadata)}. Supported types are: "
-                f"{self.allowed_attn_types}"
-            )
+        for attn_metadata in per_layer_attn_metadata.values():
+            if self.allowed_attn_types is not None and not isinstance(
+                attn_metadata, self.allowed_attn_types
+            ):
+                raise ValueError(
+                    f"Unsupported attention metadata type for speculative "
+                    "decoding with num_speculative_tokens > 1: "
+                    f"{type(attn_metadata)}. Supported types are: "
+                    f"{self.allowed_attn_types}"
+                )
 
         # Generate the remaining draft tokens.
         draft_token_ids_list = [draft_token_ids]
@@ -593,13 +595,9 @@ class SpecDecodeBaseProposer:
                 common_attn_metadata._num_computed_tokens_cpu += 1
 
             # Rebuild attention metadata
-            for attn_group in self.draft_attn_groups:
-                attn_metadata = attn_group.get_metadata_builder().build_for_drafting(
-                    common_attn_metadata=common_attn_metadata,
-                    draft_index=token_index + 1,
-                )
-                for layer_name in attn_group.layer_names:
-                    per_layer_attn_metadata[layer_name] = attn_metadata
+            per_layer_attn_metadata = self.build_per_layer_attn_metadata(
+                common_attn_metadata, draft_index=token_index + 1
+            )
 
             # copy inputs to buffer for cudagraph
             self.input_ids[:batch_size] = input_ids
@@ -780,8 +778,51 @@ class SpecDecodeBaseProposer:
 
             return total_num_output_tokens, token_indices_to_sample, new_cad
 
+    def build_model_inputs_first_pass(
+        self,
+        num_tokens: int,
+        num_input_tokens: int,
+        mm_embed_inputs: tuple[list[torch.Tensor], torch.Tensor] | None,
+    ) -> tuple[dict[str, Any], int]:
+        if self.supports_mm_inputs:
+            mm_embeds, is_mm_embed = mm_embed_inputs or (None, None)
+
+            self.inputs_embeds[:num_tokens] = self.model.embed_input_ids(
+                self.input_ids[:num_tokens],
+                multimodal_embeddings=mm_embeds,
+                is_multimodal=is_mm_embed,
+            )
+
+            input_ids = None
+            inputs_embeds = self.inputs_embeds[:num_input_tokens]
+        else:
+            input_ids = self.input_ids[:num_input_tokens]
+            inputs_embeds = None
+
+        model_kwargs = {
+            "input_ids": input_ids,
+            "positions": self._get_positions(num_input_tokens),
+            "inputs_embeds": inputs_embeds,
+        }
+        if self.pass_hidden_states_to_model:
+            model_kwargs["hidden_states"] = self.hidden_states[:num_input_tokens]
+
+        return model_kwargs, num_input_tokens
+
+    def build_per_layer_attn_metadata(
+        self, common_attn_metadata: CommonAttentionMetadata, draft_index: int = 0
+    ) -> dict[str, object]:
+        per_layer_attn_metadata: dict[str, object] = {}
+        for attn_group in self.draft_attn_groups:
+            attn_metadata = attn_group.get_metadata_builder().build_for_drafting(
+                common_attn_metadata=common_attn_metadata, draft_index=draft_index
+            )
+            for layer_name in attn_group.layer_names:
+                per_layer_attn_metadata[layer_name] = attn_metadata
+        return per_layer_attn_metadata
+
     def model_returns_tuple(self) -> bool:
-        return self.method not in ("mtp", "draft_model")
+        return self.method not in ("mtp", "draft_model", "dflash")
 
     def prepare_next_token_ids_cpu(
         self,
@@ -1310,15 +1351,20 @@ class SpecDecodeBaseProposer:
         self._maybe_share_embeddings(target_language_model)
         self._maybe_share_lm_head(target_language_model)
 
-        if self.parallel_drafting and self.pass_hidden_states_to_model:
-            assert self.parallel_drafting_hidden_state_tensor is not None
-            self.parallel_drafting_hidden_state_tensor.copy_(
-                self.model.combine_hidden_states(
-                    self.model.mask_hidden.view(3 * self.hidden_size)
+        if (
+            self.parallel_drafting
+            and self.pass_hidden_states_to_model
+            and self.parallel_drafting_hidden_state_tensor is not None
+        ):
+            flat_mask = self.model.mask_hidden.view(-1)
+            if self.eagle3_use_aux_hidden_state:
+                # EAGLE3: mask_hidden stores all aux hidden states,
+                # project through combine_hidden_states
+                self.parallel_drafting_hidden_state_tensor.copy_(
+                    self.model.combine_hidden_states(flat_mask)
                 )
-                if self.eagle3_use_aux_hidden_state
-                else self.model.mask_hidden.view(self.hidden_size)
-            )
+            else:
+                self.parallel_drafting_hidden_state_tensor.copy_(flat_mask)
 
     def _maybe_share_embeddings(self, target_language_model: nn.Module) -> None:
         """
@@ -1493,8 +1539,9 @@ class SpecDecodeBaseProposer:
     ) -> None:
         # FIXME: when using tree-based specdec, adjust number of forward-passes
         # according to the depth of the tree.
+        only_one_forward_pass = is_graph_capturing or self.parallel_drafting
         for fwd_idx in range(
-            self.num_speculative_tokens if not is_graph_capturing else 1
+            1 if only_one_forward_pass else self.num_speculative_tokens
         ):
             if fwd_idx <= 1:
                 cudagraph_runtime_mode, num_input_tokens, num_tokens_across_dp = (

vllm/v1/spec_decode/utils.py

@@ -441,6 +441,114 @@ def copy_and_expand_eagle_inputs_kernel(
     )
 
 
+@triton.jit
+def copy_and_expand_dflash_inputs_kernel(
+    # Inputs
+    next_token_ids_ptr,  # [num_reqs]
+    target_positions_ptr,  # [num_context]
+    # Outputs
+    out_input_ids_ptr,  # [num_query_total] (output)
+    out_context_positions_ptr,  # [num_context] (output)
+    out_query_positions_ptr,  # [num_query_total] (output)
+    out_context_slot_mapping_ptr,  # [num_context] (output)
+    out_query_slot_mapping_ptr,  # [num_query_total] (output)
+    out_token_indices_ptr,  # [num_reqs * num_speculative_tokens] (output)
+    # Block table
+    block_table_ptr,  # [max_reqs, max_blocks]
+    block_table_stride,  # stride of block_table dim 0 (in elements)
+    # Metadata
+    query_start_loc_ptr,  # [num_reqs + 1]
+    num_rejected_tokens_ptr,  # [num_reqs] or null (0) when not padded
+    # Scalars
+    parallel_drafting_token_id,  # tl.int32
+    block_size,  # tl.int32
+    num_query_per_req,  # tl.int32
+    num_speculative_tokens,  # tl.int32
+    total_input_tokens,  # tl.int32
+    BLOCK_SIZE: tl.constexpr,
+    HAS_NUM_REJECTED: tl.constexpr = False,
+):
+    """
+    Fused kernel for DFlash first-pass input setup.
+
+    Per request, this kernel:
+      1. Copies context positions from target_positions to
+         out_context_positions.
+      2. Computes query positions (last_target_pos + 1 + offset) and writes
+         them to out_query_positions.
+      3. Writes input_ids for query tokens: [next_token, mask, mask, ...].
+      4. Computes slot_mapping for context and query positions into separate
+         buffers via block_table lookup.
+      5. Writes token_indices_to_sample for the mask (speculative) tokens.
+    """
+    req_idx = tl.program_id(axis=0)
+    block_idx = tl.program_id(axis=1)
+
+    # Load context token range for this request
+    ctx_start = tl.load(query_start_loc_ptr + req_idx)
+    ctx_end = tl.load(query_start_loc_ptr + req_idx + 1)
+    num_ctx = ctx_end - ctx_start
+    total_tokens = num_ctx + num_query_per_req
+
+    j = block_idx * BLOCK_SIZE + tl.arange(0, BLOCK_SIZE)
+    in_bounds = j < total_tokens
+    is_ctx = j < num_ctx
+    is_query = (~is_ctx) & in_bounds
+    query_off = j - num_ctx  # offset within query portion (0-indexed)
+
+    # --- Positions ---
+    # Context: load from target_positions
+    ctx_pos_idx = tl.minimum(ctx_start + j, total_input_tokens - 1)
+    ctx_pos = tl.load(target_positions_ptr + ctx_pos_idx, mask=is_ctx, other=0)
+
+    # Query: last_valid_pos + 1 + query_off
+    # In padded mode, ctx_end includes rejected tokens; use valid_ctx_end
+    # to find the last accepted context position.
+    if HAS_NUM_REJECTED:
+        num_rejected = tl.load(num_rejected_tokens_ptr + req_idx)
+        valid_ctx_end = ctx_end - num_rejected
+    else:
+        valid_ctx_end = ctx_end
+    last_pos = tl.load(target_positions_ptr + valid_ctx_end - 1)
+    query_pos = last_pos + 1 + query_off
+
+    positions = tl.where(is_ctx, ctx_pos, query_pos)
+
+    # Context and query positions go to separate buffers.
+    ctx_pos_out = ctx_start + j
+    tl.store(out_context_positions_ptr + ctx_pos_out, ctx_pos, mask=is_ctx)
+    query_out = req_idx * num_query_per_req + query_off
+    tl.store(out_query_positions_ptr + query_out, query_pos, mask=is_query)
+
+    # --- Slot mapping (block_table lookup for all positions) ---
+    block_num = positions // block_size
+    # # Clamp block_number to avoid OOB when position is at max
+    block_num = tl.minimum(block_num, block_table_stride - 1)
+    block_id = tl.load(
+        block_table_ptr + req_idx * block_table_stride + block_num,
+        mask=in_bounds,
+        other=0,
+    ).to(tl.int64)
+    slot = block_id * block_size + (positions % block_size)
+    tl.store(out_context_slot_mapping_ptr + ctx_pos_out, slot, mask=is_ctx)
+    tl.store(out_query_slot_mapping_ptr + query_out, slot, mask=is_query)
+
+    # --- Input IDs (query tokens only) ---
+    bonus_token = tl.load(next_token_ids_ptr + req_idx)
+    is_bonus = is_query & (query_off == 0)
+    input_id = tl.where(is_bonus, bonus_token, parallel_drafting_token_id)
+    tl.store(out_input_ids_ptr + query_out, input_id, mask=is_query)
+
+    # --- Token indices to sample (mask tokens, skip the bonus token) ---
+    is_sample = is_query & (query_off > 0)
+    sample_out_idx = req_idx * num_speculative_tokens + (query_off - 1)
+    tl.store(
+        out_token_indices_ptr + sample_out_idx,
+        query_out,
+        mask=is_sample,
+    )
+
+
 @torch.compile(dynamic=True, backend=current_platform.simple_compile_backend)
 def update_num_computed_tokens_for_batch_change(
     num_computed_tokens: torch.Tensor,

vllm/v1/worker/gpu_model_runner.py

@@ -160,6 +160,7 @@ from vllm.v1.sample.logits_processor.interface import LogitsProcessor
 from vllm.v1.sample.metadata import SamplingMetadata
 from vllm.v1.sample.rejection_sampler import RejectionSampler
 from vllm.v1.sample.sampler import Sampler
+from vllm.v1.spec_decode.dflash import DFlashProposer
 from vllm.v1.spec_decode.draft_model import DraftModelProposer
 from vllm.v1.spec_decode.eagle import EagleProposer
 from vllm.v1.spec_decode.extract_hidden_states import ExtractHiddenStatesProposer
@@ -515,6 +516,7 @@ class GPUModelRunner(
                 | NgramProposerGPU
                 | SuffixDecodingProposer
                 | EagleProposer
+                | DFlashProposer
                 | DraftModelProposer
                 | MedusaProposer
                 | ExtractHiddenStatesProposer
@@ -546,6 +548,9 @@ class GPUModelRunner(
                 self._ngram_pinned_val_buf = torch.zeros(
                     self.max_num_reqs, dtype=torch.int32, pin_memory=True
                 )
+            elif self.speculative_config.use_dflash():
+                self.drafter = DFlashProposer(self.vllm_config, self.device, self)
+                self.use_aux_hidden_state_outputs = True
             elif self.speculative_config.method == "suffix":
                 self.drafter = SuffixDecodingProposer(self.vllm_config)
             elif self.speculative_config.use_eagle():
@@ -2289,7 +2294,7 @@ class GPUModelRunner(
                 cm.slot_mapping = slot_mappings[kv_cache_gid]
 
             if self.speculative_config and spec_decode_common_attn_metadata is None:
-                if isinstance(self.drafter, EagleProposer):
+                if isinstance(self.drafter, (EagleProposer, DFlashProposer)):
                     if self.drafter.kv_cache_gid == kv_cache_gid:
                         spec_decode_common_attn_metadata = cm
                 else:
@@ -4202,7 +4207,10 @@ class GPUModelRunner(
                 # as inputs, and does not need to wait for bookkeeping to finish.
                 assert isinstance(
                     self.drafter,
-                    EagleProposer | DraftModelProposer | ExtractHiddenStatesProposer,
+                    EagleProposer
+                    | DFlashProposer
+                    | DraftModelProposer
+                    | ExtractHiddenStatesProposer,
                 )
                 sampled_token_ids = sampler_output.sampled_token_ids
                 if input_fits_in_drafter:
@@ -4589,8 +4597,14 @@ class GPUModelRunner(
                 next_token_ids, valid_sampled_tokens_count
             )
 
-        elif spec_config.use_eagle() or spec_config.uses_draft_model():
-            assert isinstance(self.drafter, EagleProposer | DraftModelProposer)
+        elif (
+            spec_config.use_eagle()
+            or spec_config.use_dflash()
+            or spec_config.uses_draft_model()
+        ):
+            assert isinstance(
+                self.drafter, EagleProposer | DFlashProposer | DraftModelProposer
+            )
 
             if spec_config.disable_padded_drafter_batch:
                 # When padded-batch is disabled, the sampled_token_ids should be
@@ -4889,10 +4903,13 @@ class GPUModelRunner(
             return None
 
         hf_config = self.speculative_config.draft_model_config.hf_config
-        if not hasattr(hf_config, "eagle_aux_hidden_state_layer_ids"):
-            return None
 
-        layer_ids = hf_config.eagle_aux_hidden_state_layer_ids
+        layer_ids = getattr(hf_config, "eagle_aux_hidden_state_layer_ids", None)
+        if not layer_ids:
+            dflash_config = getattr(hf_config, "dflash_config", None)
+            if dflash_config and isinstance(dflash_config, dict):
+                layer_ids = dflash_config.get("target_layer_ids")
+
         if layer_ids and isinstance(layer_ids, (list, tuple)):
             return tuple(layer_ids)
 
@@ -5479,7 +5496,10 @@ class GPUModelRunner(
             ):
                 assert isinstance(
                     self.drafter,
-                    EagleProposer | DraftModelProposer | ExtractHiddenStatesProposer,
+                    EagleProposer
+                    | DFlashProposer
+                    | DraftModelProposer
+                    | ExtractHiddenStatesProposer,
                 )
                 assert self.speculative_config is not None
                 # Eagle currently only supports PIECEWISE cudagraphs.
@@ -6236,7 +6256,9 @@ class GPUModelRunner(
             self.speculative_config.use_eagle()
             or self.speculative_config.uses_draft_model()
         ):
-            assert isinstance(self.drafter, EagleProposer | DraftModelProposer)
+            assert isinstance(
+                self.drafter, EagleProposer | DFlashProposer | DraftModelProposer
+            )
             self.drafter.initialize_attn_backend(kv_cache_config, kernel_block_sizes)
 
     def _check_and_update_cudagraph_mode(
@@ -6420,7 +6442,10 @@ class GPUModelRunner(
             self.speculative_config.use_eagle()
             or self.speculative_config.uses_extract_hidden_states()
         ):
-            assert isinstance(self.drafter, EagleProposer | ExtractHiddenStatesProposer)
+            assert isinstance(
+                self.drafter,
+                EagleProposer | DFlashProposer | ExtractHiddenStatesProposer,
+            )
             self.drafter.initialize_cudagraph_keys(cudagraph_mode)
 
     def calculate_reorder_batch_threshold(self) -> None: