fix: stop folding global scale into float8 block scales

The fold block_sf (float8) * global_sf (float32) -> float8 loses ~25% precision.
Product of ~56-448 block_sf * ~4.65e-05 global_sf lands in float8 low-precision
zone where step size is 25%. This makes model output garbage despite finite values.

Fix: keep block scales as original float8, return global scales separately as
float32 per-expert vectors. Apply global scale as per-expert GEMM alpha in
cutlass_grouped_nvfp4_gemm (already iterates per-expert). For L1 with separate
gate/up global scales, use gate_gs as alpha and apply up_correction ratio to
the up half post-GEMM.

weight_transform.py: no more _fold_global_scale, returns (w, sf, global_sf)
nvfp4_mega_moe.py: per-expert alpha = activation_gs * weight_gs
kernel.py: per_expert_alpha parameter in grouped GEMM
deepseek_v4.py: updated type hints and comments
This commit is contained in:
2026-05-15 12:42:53 +00:00
parent 56e62e916d
commit fd59222fc0
9 changed files with 955 additions and 157 deletions

279
diag_b200.py Normal file
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"""
NVFP4 MegaMoE Diagnostic — B200
Checks:
1. weight_scale_2 values (are they nonzero / loaded correctly?)
2. Folded scale ranges (clamp/precision loss)
3. L2 weight/SF orientation sanity
4. Dequant reference vs CUTLASS output comparison
5. Single-expert, single-layer test
"""
import torch
import sys
import os
import json
from pathlib import Path
MODEL_PATH = "/model" # inside the container
def inspect_checkpoint_scales():
"""Check raw checkpoint weight_scale_2 values."""
from safetensors import safe_open
import glob
print("=" * 60)
print("CHECK 1: Checkpoint weight_scale_2 Values")
print("=" * 60)
# Find checkpoint files
ckpt_files = sorted(glob.glob(os.path.join(MODEL_PATH, "*.safetensors")))
print(f"Found {len(ckpt_files)} safetensors files")
# Look for expert weight_scale_2 params
w13_gs_found = 0
w2_gs_found = 0
w13_gs_values = {}
w2_gs_values = {}
for f in ckpt_files:
with safe_open(f, framework="pt") as st:
for key in st.keys():
if "weight_scale_2" in key and ("experts" in key or "ffn" in key):
val = st.get_tensor(key)
if "w13" in key or "gate_up" in key or "w1" in key or "w3" in key:
w13_gs_found += 1
if w13_gs_found <= 3:
w13_gs_values[key] = {"shape": list(val.shape), "dtype": str(val.dtype),
"min": val.float().min().item(), "max": val.float().max().item(),
"mean": val.float().mean().item()}
elif "w2" in key or "down" in key:
w2_gs_found += 1
if w2_gs_found <= 3:
w2_gs_values[key] = {"shape": list(val.shape), "dtype": str(val.dtype),
"min": val.float().min().item(), "max": val.float().max().item(),
"mean": val.float().mean().item()}
print(f"w13 weight_scale_2 entries: {w13_gs_found}")
print(f"w2 weight_scale_2 entries: {w2_gs_found}")
for k, v in w13_gs_values.items():
print(f" {k}: {v}")
for k, v in w2_gs_values.items():
print(f" {k}: {v}")
return w13_gs_found > 0 and w2_gs_found > 0
def inspect_loaded_model():
"""Check the model's weight_scale_2 after loading (before finalize_weights)."""
print("\n" + "=" * 60)
print("CHECK 2: Model weight_scale_2 After Loading")
print("=" * 60)
# We need to load the model and inspect before finalize_weights nukes the params
# The vLLM server is already running, so let's check the live model
# Actually, let's load a fresh model instance for inspection
# Simpler approach: just check the checkpoint directly for scale_2
# The real check is whether finalize_weights gets called with nonzero scale_2
print(" (Checkpoint inspection is more reliable — see CHECK 1)")
print(" The [SF-DEBUG] prints from weight_transform.py should also show this")
def check_fold_precision_real():
"""Check float8 folding precision with real checkpoint scales."""
print("\n" + "=" * 60)
print("CHECK 3: Float8 Folding Precision (Real Scales)")
print("=" * 60)
from safetensors import safe_open
import glob
ckpt_files = sorted(glob.glob(os.path.join(MODEL_PATH, "*.safetensors")))
# Find one layer's expert scales
for f in ckpt_files:
with safe_open(f, framework="pt") as st:
keys = list(st.keys())
# Find w2 weight_scale and weight_scale_2 for layer 0
w2_sf_key = None
w2_gs_key = None
w13_sf_key = None
w13_gs_key = None
for k in keys:
if "layers.0" in k:
if "w2" in k and k.endswith("weight_scale") and "scale_2" not in k:
w2_sf_key = k
elif "w2" in k and "weight_scale_2" in k:
w2_gs_key = k
elif ("w13" in k or "gate_up" in k) and k.endswith("weight_scale") and "scale_2" not in k:
w13_sf_key = k
elif ("w13" in k or "gate_up" in k) and "weight_scale_2" in k:
w13_gs_key = k
if w2_sf_key and w2_gs_key:
w2_sf = st.get_tensor(w2_sf_key)
w2_gs = st.get_tensor(w2_gs_key)
print(f" L2 block scale: shape={list(w2_sf.shape)} dtype={w2_sf.dtype} "
f"range=[{w2_sf.float().min():.4e}, {w2_sf.float().max():.4e}]")
print(f" L2 global scale: shape={list(w2_gs.shape)} dtype={w2_gs.dtype} "
f"range=[{w2_gs.float().min():.4e}, {w2_gs.float().max():.4e}]")
# Fold and check precision
sf_f32 = w2_sf.float()
gs_f32 = w2_gs.float()
# Reshape gs for broadcast
while gs_f32.dim() < sf_f32.dim():
gs_f32 = gs_f32.unsqueeze(-1)
product = sf_f32 * gs_f32
product_clamped = product.clamp(0.0, 448.0)
folded_f8 = product_clamped.to(torch.float8_e4m3fn)
folded_back = folded_f8.float()
# Stats
n_clamped = (product > 448.0).sum().item()
n_total = product.numel()
n_zeroed = (folded_back == 0.0).sum().item()
rel_err = (folded_back - product).abs() / product.clamp(min=1e-10)
print(f"\n L2 Fold results:")
print(f" Clamped to 448: {n_clamped}/{n_total} ({100*n_clamped/n_total:.1f}%)")
print(f" Zeroed (subnormal): {n_zeroed}/{n_total} ({100*n_zeroed/n_total:.1f}%)")
print(f" Rel error: max={rel_err.max():.4f} mean={rel_err.mean():.4f} p99={rel_err.quantile(0.99):.4f}")
# Show distribution of folded values
fb_hist = torch.histc(folded_back, bins=10, min=0, max=448)
print(f" Folded value histogram (0-448, 10 bins): {fb_hist.int().tolist()}")
# CRITICAL CHECK: is the product range within float8?
print(f" Product range: [{product.min():.4e}, {product.max():.4e}]")
if n_clamped > 0:
print(f" ⚠️ {n_clamped} values clamped — this IS precision loss!")
if w13_sf_key and w13_gs_key:
w13_sf = st.get_tensor(w13_sf_key)
w13_gs = st.get_tensor(w13_gs_key)
print(f"\n L1 block scale: shape={list(w13_sf.shape)} dtype={w13_sf.dtype} "
f"range=[{w13_sf.float().min():.4e}, {w13_sf.float().max():.4e}]")
print(f" L1 global scale: shape={list(w13_gs.shape)} dtype={w13_gs.dtype} "
f"range=[{w13_gs.float().min():.4e}, {w13_gs.float().max():.4e}]")
break # Just check one file that has layer 0
def check_l2_weight_semantics():
"""Verify L2 weight layout by dequantizing and checking against reference."""
print("\n" + "=" * 60)
print("CHECK 4: L2 Weight Dequantization Sanity")
print("=" * 60)
from safetensors import safe_open
import glob
ckpt_files = sorted(glob.glob(os.path.join(MODEL_PATH, "*.safetensors")))
for f in ckpt_files:
with safe_open(f, framework="pt") as st:
keys = list(st.keys())
# Find layer 0 w2 weight, weight_scale, weight_scale_2
w2_w = w2_sf = w2_gs = None
for k in keys:
if "layers.0" in k:
if "w2" in k and k.endswith(".weight") and "scale" not in k:
w2_w = st.get_tensor(k)
elif "w2" in k and "weight_scale" == k.split(".")[-1]:
w2_sf = st.get_tensor(k)
elif "w2" in k and "weight_scale_2" in k:
w2_gs = st.get_tensor(k)
if w2_w is not None and w2_sf is not None and w2_gs is not None:
print(f" w2_weight: shape={list(w2_w.shape)} dtype={w2_w.dtype}")
print(f" w2_weight_scale: shape={list(w2_sf.shape)} dtype={w2_sf.dtype}")
print(f" w2_weight_scale_2: shape={list(w2_gs.shape)} dtype={w2_gs.dtype}")
# Dequantize a small patch
# w2 is down_proj: (hidden, intermediate) in BF16, or (hidden, inter//2) uint8 for NVFP4
if w2_w.dtype == torch.uint8:
# Unpack E2M1
FP4_LUT = torch.tensor([0, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 3, 4, 6,
-0, -0.5, -1, -1.5, -2, -3, -4, -6],
dtype=torch.float32, device=w2_w.device)
lower = FP4_LUT[(w2_w[:4, :8] & 0x0F).long()]
upper = FP4_LUT[((w2_w[:4, :8] >> 4) & 0x0F).long()]
unpacked = torch.empty(4, 16, dtype=torch.float32)
unpacked[:, 0::2] = lower
unpacked[:, 1::2] = upper
# Apply scales
sf_slice = w2_sf[:4, :1].float() # (4, 1)
gs = w2_gs.float()
print(f" Dequantized w2[:4, :16] with sf[:4,:1]={sf_slice.flatten().tolist()}")
print(f" global_scale_2 = {gs.item() if gs.numel() == 1 else gs[:4].flatten().tolist()}")
dequant = unpacked * sf_slice * gs.float()
print(f" Dequantized range: [{dequant.min():.4f}, {dequant.max():.4f}]")
print(f" Dequantized[:2, :8]: {dequant[:2, :8].tolist()}")
else:
print(f" w2_weight is {w2_w.dtype}, not uint8 — may be BF16 checkpoint")
print(f" w2[:4, :8] = {w2_w[:4, :8].tolist()}")
break
def check_ep_reduce_contract():
"""Verify the EP all-reduce contract with a synthetic test."""
print("\n" + "=" * 60)
print("CHECK 5: EP Reduce Contract (Synthetic)")
print("=" * 60)
# Simulate 2 ranks
M, HIDDEN = 4, 8
# Rank 0: experts 0,1 — tokens routed to expert 0 (slot_weight=0.7) and 1 (slot_weight=0.3)
y0 = torch.zeros(M, HIDDEN, dtype=torch.bfloat16)
slot_token_0 = torch.tensor([0, 0, 1, 2, 3]) # which tokens
slot_weight_0 = torch.tensor([0.7, 0.3, 0.5, 0.6, 0.4], dtype=torch.bfloat16)
l2_slots_0 = torch.randn(5, HIDDEN, dtype=torch.bfloat16)
y0.index_add_(0, slot_token_0, l2_slots_0 * slot_weight_0.unsqueeze(1))
# Rank 1: experts 2,3 — token 0 also routed to expert 2
y1 = torch.zeros(M, HIDDEN, dtype=torch.bfloat16)
slot_token_1 = torch.tensor([0, 1])
slot_weight_1 = torch.tensor([0.2, 0.5], dtype=torch.bfloat16)
l2_slots_1 = torch.randn(2, HIDDEN, dtype=torch.bfloat16)
y1.index_add_(0, slot_token_1, l2_slots_1 * slot_weight_1.unsqueeze(1))
# All-reduce (sum)
y_final = y0 + y1 # simulated all-reduce
# Verify: token 0 should have contributions from rank0 (experts 0,1) and rank1 (expert 2)
expected_0 = (0.7 * l2_slots_0[0] + 0.3 * l2_slots_0[1] + 0.2 * l2_slots_1[0]).bfloat16()
actual_0 = y_final[0].bfloat16()
diff = (expected_0 - actual_0).abs().max().item()
print(f" Token 0: expected vs actual diff = {diff:.6f}" if diff < 0.01 else f" Token 0: MISMATCH diff = {diff}")
print(f" EP reduce contract is correct — sum of partial rank outputs gives full result")
if __name__ == "__main__":
print("NVFP4 MegaMoE Diagnostic — B200")
print(f"PyTorch: {torch.__version__}, CUDA: {torch.cuda.is_available()}")
print(f"GPUs: {torch.cuda.device_count()}")
print()
try:
inspect_checkpoint_scales()
except Exception as e:
print(f"CHECK 1 FAILED: {e}")
try:
check_fold_precision_real()
except Exception as e:
print(f"CHECK 3 FAILED: {e}")
try:
check_l2_weight_semantics()
except Exception as e:
print(f"CHECK 4 FAILED: {e}")
try:
check_ep_reduce_contract()
except Exception as e:
print(f"CHECK 5 FAILED: {e}")

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"""
Diagnostic: Check global scale folding precision for NVFP4 weights.
The fold is: sf_f32 * gs → clamp(0, 448) → float8_e4m3fn
Question: how much precision is lost in the float8 round-trip?
"""
import torch
# Simulate typical NVFP4 scale distributions
# block_scale (float8_e4m3fn) range: roughly 0.06 to 448
# global_scale (float32) range: varies per expert
# Test 1: If global_scale >> 1, product can exceed 448 → clamp → loss
# Test 2: If global_scale << 1, product can go subnormal → loss
# Test 3: Quantization error from 3-bit mantissa
# Simulate a range of scale values
block_scales = torch.tensor([0.0625, 0.125, 0.25, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, 4.0, 8.0, 16.0, 32.0, 64.0, 128.0, 256.0, 448.0], dtype=torch.float32)
global_scales = torch.tensor([0.001, 0.01, 0.1, 1.0, 10.0, 100.0, 1000.0], dtype=torch.float32)
print("=== Float8 Folding Precision Analysis ===\n")
print(f"block_scales: {block_scales.tolist()}")
print(f"global_scales: {global_scales.tolist()}\n")
total_clamped = 0
total_subnormal = 0
max_rel_error = 0.0
for gs in global_scales:
products = block_scales * gs
clamped = products.clamp(0.0, 448.0)
folded_f8 = clamped.to(torch.float8_e4m3fn)
roundtrip = folded_f8.to(torch.float32)
n_clamped = (products > 448.0).sum().item()
n_subnormal = (roundtrip > 0).logical_and(roundtrip < 0.0625).sum().item() # rough check
rel_errors = torch.where(roundtrip > 0, (roundtrip - clamped).abs() / clamped.clamp(min=1e-10), torch.zeros_like(clamped))
max_err = rel_errors.max().item()
total_clamped += n_clamped
total_subnormal += n_subnormal
max_rel_error = max(max_rel_error, max_err)
if n_clamped > 0 or max_err > 0.05:
print(f"gs={gs:.3f}: {n_clamped} clamped, max_rel_err={max_err:.4f}")
for i, (p, c, r) in enumerate(zip(products, clamped, roundtrip)):
if abs(r - c) / max(abs(c), 1e-10) > 0.01:
print(f" block={block_scales[i]:.4f} product={p:.4f} clamped={c:.4f} roundtrip={r:.4f} err={abs(r-c)/max(abs(c),1e-10):.4f}")
print(f"\nTotal clamped: {total_clamped}, Total subnormal: {total_subnormal}, Max relative error: {max_rel_error:.4f}")
# The real check: what's the float8_e4m3fn step size at various magnitudes?
print("\n=== Float8 E4M3 Step Sizes ===")
test_vals = [0.01, 0.1, 1.0, 10.0, 100.0, 448.0]
for v in test_vals:
f8 = torch.tensor(v, dtype=torch.float32).to(torch.float8_e4m3fn)
back = f8.to(torch.float32)
# Find next representable value
u8 = f8.view(torch.uint8)
next_u8 = u8 + 1
next_f8 = next_u8.view(torch.float8_e4m3fn)
next_val = next_f8.to(torch.float32)
step = next_val - back
rel_step = step / back if back > 0 else 0
print(f" value={v:.3f} → f8={back:.6f} → next={next_val:.6f} step={step:.6f} rel={rel_step:.4f}")

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diag_fold_real.py Normal file
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"""
Critical check: weight_scale_2 values are ~4.65e-05 (TINY).
When folded: block_sf * 4.65e-05 → most products near zero → float8 can't represent
This is likely THE bug: folding a float8 scale by a tiny global scale produces
subnormal/zero values in float8.
"""
from safetensors import safe_open
import glob
import os
import torch
MODEL_PATH = "/model"
ckpt_files = sorted(glob.glob(os.path.join(MODEL_PATH, "*.safetensors")))
# Get layer 0, expert 0 scales
for f in ckpt_files:
with safe_open(f, framework="pt") as st:
keys = list(st.keys())
if any("layers.0.mlp.experts.0.gate_proj.weight_scale" in k for k in keys):
# Gate
gate_sf = st.get_tensor("model.layers.0.mlp.experts.0.gate_proj.weight_scale")
gate_gs = st.get_tensor("model.layers.0.mlp.experts.0.gate_proj.weight_scale_2")
# Up
up_sf = st.get_tensor("model.layers.0.mlp.experts.0.up_proj.weight_scale")
up_gs = st.get_tensor("model.layers.0.mlp.experts.0.up_proj.weight_scale_2")
# Down
down_sf = st.get_tensor("model.layers.0.mlp.experts.0.down_proj.weight_scale")
down_gs = st.get_tensor("model.layers.0.mlp.experts.0.down_proj.weight_scale_2")
print("=" * 60)
print("LAYER 0, EXPERT 0 — Scale Analysis")
print("=" * 60)
for name, sf, gs in [("gate", gate_sf, gate_gs), ("up", up_sf, up_gs), ("down", down_sf, down_gs)]:
sf_f32 = sf.float()
gs_f32 = gs.float()
product = sf_f32 * gs_f32
product_clamped = product.clamp(0.0, 448.0)
folded_f8 = product_clamped.to(torch.float8_e4m3fn)
folded_back = folded_f8.float()
n_total = product.numel()
n_clamped = (product > 448.0).sum().item()
n_zeroed = (folded_back == 0.0).sum().item()
n_nonzero_orig = (sf_f32 > 0).sum().item()
n_nonzero_folded = (folded_back > 0).sum().item()
rel_err = (folded_back - product).abs() / product.clamp(min=1e-10)
print(f"\n {name}_proj:")
print(f" block_sf: shape={list(sf.shape)} range=[{sf_f32.min():.4e}, {sf_f32.max():.4e}] unique_u8={torch.unique(sf.view(torch.uint8)).numel()}")
print(f" global_sf: {gs_f32.item():.6e}")
print(f" product (sf*gs): range=[{product.min():.4e}, {product.max():.4e}]")
print(f" folded (float8): range=[{folded_back.min():.4e}, {folded_back.max():.4e}]")
print(f" Clamped to 448: {n_clamped}/{n_total} ({100*n_clamped/n_total:.1f}%)")
print(f" Became zero: {n_zeroed}/{n_total} ({100*n_zeroed/n_total:.1f}%)")
print(f" Was nonzero → became zero: {n_nonzero_orig - n_nonzero_folded}/{n_nonzero_orig}")
print(f" Rel error: max={rel_err.max():.4f} mean={rel_err.mean():.4f}")
# Show the float8 step size at the product magnitude
if product.max() > 0:
typical = product.median().item()
if typical > 0:
f8_typ = torch.tensor(typical, dtype=torch.float32).to(torch.float8_e4m3fn)
f8_back = f8_typ.float()
if f8_back > 0:
step = (f8_typ.view(torch.uint8) + 1).view(torch.float8_e4m3fn).float() - f8_back
print(f" Float8 step at median ({typical:.4e}): Δ={step.item():.4e} rel={step.item()/f8_back.item():.2%}")
break
# Now check: what if we DON'T fold, and instead pass global_scale as GEMM alpha?
print("\n" + "=" * 60)
print("ALTERNATIVE: Pass global_scale as GEMM alpha")
print("=" * 60)
print("""
The fold is lossy because float8 can't represent the product range.
But if we DON'T fold, the CUTLASS GEMM needs a separate global scale mechanism.
Option 1: Multiply the GEMM alpha by the weight's global_scale
- alpha already carries the activation global scale
- We could fold weight global scale into alpha: alpha_new = alpha * weight_gs
- BUT: alpha is a single scalar, weight_gs varies per-expert
- For grouped GEMM, each expert needs its own alpha
Option 2: Keep block scales as-is (no fold), multiply output by global_scale
- After GEMM: output *= weight_global_scale
- This is exact (float32 multiply on bf16 output)
- Requires passing global_scale to nvfp4_mega_moe_full
Option 3: Fold global_scale into the GEMM alpha per-expert
- In cutlass_grouped_nvfp4_gemm, each expert gets its own alpha
- alpha_expert = l1_global_scale * l1_weight_global_scale[expert_id]
- This is EXACT and doesn't lose precision
- The block scales stay at their original float8 values (no folding)
""")

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diag_issues.py Normal file
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"""
Diagnostic script for NVFP4 mega_moe issues.
Run on the B200 server. Checks:
1. Global scale folding precision (float8 round-trip)
2. L2 weight/SF orientation (transpose correctness)
3. EP aggregation contract (local vs all-reduce)
4. Folded scale float8 precision loss
Usage: python diag_issues.py
"""
import torch
import sys
import os
# Try to import the model components
try:
from nvfp4_megamoe_kernel import (
transform_nvfp4_weights_for_mega_moe,
stage_activation,
nvfp4_mega_moe_full,
)
HAS_KERNEL = True
except ImportError:
HAS_KERNEL = False
print("WARNING: nvfp4_megamoe_kernel not importable, some checks will be skipped")
def check_fold_precision():
"""Check 1: Float8 folding precision.
The fold is: sf_f32 * gs → clamp(0, 448) → float8_e4m3fn
Question: are we silently destroying critical precision?
"""
print("=" * 60)
print("CHECK 1: Global Scale Folding Precision")
print("=" * 60)
# Simulate realistic scale distributions
# NVFP4 block scales (float8_e4m3fn) are typically in range [0.06, 448]
# Global scales are per-expert float32
# Test with realistic ranges
for gs_val in [0.001, 0.01, 0.1, 1.0, 10.0, 100.0]:
# Simulate 1000 block scales
sf = torch.rand(48, 64, 192) * 448 # Smaller for quantile perf
sf_f8 = sf.clamp(0.0, 448.0).to(torch.float8_e4m3fn)
sf_back = sf_f8.to(torch.float32)
# Fold: product then cast back
product = sf_back * gs_val
product_clamped = product.clamp(0.0, 448.0)
folded_f8 = product_clamped.to(torch.float8_e4m3fn)
folded_back = folded_f8.to(torch.float32)
# Compare against the "correct" product (sf_f32 * gs, no float8 intermediate)
correct_product = sf * gs_val
# Count how many values are lost to clamping or zero
n_clamped = (product > 448.0).sum().item()
n_zeroed = (folded_back == 0.0).sum().item() - (correct_product == 0.0).sum().item()
# Relative error
rel_err = (folded_back - correct_product).abs() / correct_product.clamp(min=1e-10)
max_rel = rel_err.max().item()
mean_rel = rel_err.mean().item()
p99_rel = rel_err.quantile(0.99).item()
print(f" gs={gs_val:>8.3f}: clamped={n_clamped:>8d} zeroed={n_zeroed:>8d} "
f"max_rel={max_rel:.4f} mean_rel={mean_rel:.4f} p99_rel={p99_rel:.4f}")
def check_l2_orientation():
"""Check 2: L2 weight/SF orientation.
The down_proj maps intermediate→hidden. In PyTorch, weight is (out, in) = (hidden, intermediate).
After NVFP4 packing: (hidden, intermediate//2).
After transpose for CUTLASS col-major B: (intermediate//2, hidden).
The CUTLASS GEMM computes: D = alpha * A @ B where A is (M, K) and B is (K, N).
K = intermediate (contraction dim), N = hidden (output dim).
Packed B is (K_half, N) in memory (column-major for CUTLASS).
Question: is the transpose correct for the CUTLASS B layout?
"""
print("\n" + "=" * 60)
print("CHECK 2: L2 Weight/SF Orientation")
print("=" * 60)
# Simulate L2 weight and SF
E, HIDDEN, INTER = 48, 7168, 3072
K_half = INTER // 2 # 1536
sf_K = INTER // 16 # 192
# Checkpoint shapes
w2_weight_shape = (E, HIDDEN, K_half) # (E, N_out, K_in//2)
w2_sf_shape = (E, HIDDEN, sf_K) # (E, N_out, sf_K)
# After transpose
w2_weight_transposed = (E, K_half, HIDDEN) # (E, K_half, N) — CUTLASS col-major B
w2_sf_transposed = (E, sf_K, HIDDEN) # (E, sf_K, N)
# CUTLASS expects for the grouped GEMM:
# weights: (E, K_half, N) ✓
# weight_sf: (E, sf_K, N) — but which is K_sf and which is N?
# The remap kernel gets: MN=N=HIDDEN, K_sf=INTER//16=192, col_major_src=true
# Source is (K_sf, MN) = (192, 7168) row-major ✓
print(f" Checkpoint w2_weight: {w2_weight_shape}")
print(f" Checkpoint w2_sf: {w2_sf_shape}")
print(f" After transpose w2_weight: {w2_weight_transposed}")
print(f" After transpose w2_sf: {w2_sf_transposed}")
print(f" CUTLASS expects B: (K_half={K_half}, N={HIDDEN})")
print(f" CUTLASS expects SFB: (K_sf={sf_K}, N={HIDDEN})")
print(f" ✓ Shapes match")
# BUT: check if the DATA is semantically correct
# The transpose swaps (N, K_half) → (K_half, N)
# For the weight, row i of (N, K_half) becomes column i of (K_half, N)
# In row-major, element [i,j] of (N, K_half) goes to offset i*K_half + j
# After transpose, it's at offset j*N + i in (K_half, N)
# CUTLASS column-major B reads logical (n,k) at offset n + k*N
# Where n is the output dim (hidden) and k is the contraction dim (intermediate)
# For packed FP4: k ranges 0..K_half-1 (2 values per byte)
# So logical (n, k_half) at offset n + k_half * N
# Our data: element at memory offset k_half * N + n (row-major (K_half, N))
# = k_half * N + n = n + k_half * N ← SAME ✓
print(f" ✓ CUTLASS column-major stride matches our row-major (K_half, N) layout")
def check_ep_aggregation():
"""Check 3: EP aggregation contract.
Each rank computes y = sum over local experts of (routing_weight * expert_output).
Then all-reduce sums across EP ranks.
The contract is: final_y = sum_ranks(y_rank)
Question: is the local y correctly computed such that the all-reduce gives the right answer?
"""
print("\n" + "=" * 60)
print("CHECK 3: EP Aggregation Contract")
print("=" * 60)
# Simulate: 2 EP ranks, 4 total experts, topk=2
# Rank 0 has experts 0,1; Rank 1 has experts 2,3
# Token is routed to experts 0 and 2 (one per rank)
# On Rank 0: slot for expert 0, slot_weight * l2_output → index_add to y
# On Rank 1: slot for expert 2, slot_weight * l2_output → index_add to y
# All-reduce: y_final = y_rank0 + y_rank1 ✓
# POTENTIAL ISSUE: what if the same token is routed to multiple experts
# on the same rank? index_add_ handles this correctly (sums in-place).
# POTENTIAL ISSUE: what if a token has NO experts on a rank?
# y stays at 0 for that token → correct, other ranks contribute.
# POTENTIAL ISSUE: is slot_weight correctly applied?
# In nvfp4_mega_moe_full:
# y.index_add_(0, slot_token, l2_slots * slot_weight.unsqueeze(1))
# l2_slots is (num_slots, HIDDEN) bf16
# slot_weight is (num_slots,) float32, unsqueezed to (num_slots, 1)
# So each slot output is scaled by its routing weight before accumulating.
# This is correct: final = sum_k(w_k * expert_k(x))
print(" ✓ Local index_add_ + all-reduce contract is correct")
print(" ✓ slot_weight applied before index_add (correct)")
print(" NOTE: This assumes all-reduce uses SUM (not AVG). Verify with torch.distributed.")
# Check the vllm code uses all_reduce (sum by default)
# torch.distributed.all_reduce defaults to ReduceOp.SUM ✓
def check_fold_vs_nofold():
"""Check 4: What happens if global scale is NOT folded?
If weight_scale_2 is not folded into the block scales, the weights are
effectively used without their global scaling factor. This would produce
finite but semantically garbage output — exactly the symptom.
"""
print("\n" + "=" * 60)
print("CHECK 4: Global Scale Folding Verification")
print("=" * 60)
# The fold happens in transform_nvfp4_weights_for_mega_moe:
# 1. sf_f32 = weight_scale.to(float32)
# 2. sf_f32 *= weight_scale_2 (global scale)
# 3. sf_out = sf_f32.clamp(0, 448).to(float8_e4m3fn)
# If weight_scale_2 is None (not provided), the fold is skipped
# and only block scales are used. This would be a bug.
# Check: is weight_scale_2 actually non-None when finalize_weights is called?
# From the code:
# transform_nvfp4_weights_for_mega_moe(
# ..., l1_weight_scale_2=self.w13_weight_scale_2.data.contiguous(), ...)
# self.w13_weight_scale_2 is initialized as nn.Parameter(torch.zeros(num_local_experts, 2))
# It's loaded from checkpoint in weight_loader (shard_id w1→[e,0], w3→[e,1])
# If the checkpoint doesn't contain weight_scale_2 for experts,
# the parameter stays at zeros. Folding with gs=0 → all scales become 0 → garbage.
print(" If weight_scale_2 is all zeros (not loaded from checkpoint):")
sf = torch.tensor([1.0, 2.0, 4.0, 8.0, 16.0])
gs_zero = 0.0
folded = (sf * gs_zero).clamp(0, 448).to(torch.float8_e4m3fn)
print(f" sf={sf.tolist()} * gs=0 → folded={folded.to(torch.float32).tolist()}")
print(" ALL SCALES GO TO ZERO → all outputs are zero → garbage")
print("\n If weight_scale_2 is correctly loaded (typical values):")
gs = torch.tensor([0.5, 1.0, 2.0, 5.0, 10.0])
for g in gs:
folded = (sf * g).clamp(0, 448).to(torch.float8_e4m3fn)
correct = sf * g
rel_err = ((folded.to(torch.float32) - correct).abs() / correct).mean()
print(f" gs={g:.1f}: mean_rel_err={rel_err:.4f}")
def check_l2_sf_transpose_semantics():
"""Check 5: After transposing L2 SF, is the data in the right layout?
The w2_weight_scale in checkpoint is (E, N, sf_K) = (E, hidden, inter//16).
This means: for each expert, for each output row (hidden dim), we have sf_K block scales
along the input dimension.
After transpose: (E, sf_K, N) = (E, inter//16, hidden).
This means: for each expert, for each block along the input dim, we have N=hidden scale values.
CUTLASS SFB is (K_sf, N) where K_sf is the contraction dim's scale groups.
K_sf = K // 16 = inter // 16. N = hidden.
The CUTLASS remap expects col_major_src=True, so it reads src[k_sf * N + m].
With N=hidden and K_sf=inter//16, this accesses the (E, inter//16, hidden) tensor correctly.
BUT WAIT: The CUTLASS SFB layout is defined for the B matrix which is ColumnMajor.
For ColumnMajor B with shape (N, K), the SFB layout might have a different
semantic mapping than what we're providing.
Let me check: does CUTLASS SFB index by (N_idx, K_sf_idx) or (K_sf_idx, N_idx)?
"""
print("\n" + "=" * 60)
print("CHECK 5: L2 SF Transpose Semantics (Deep Dive)")
print("=" * 60)
# The key question: after the transpose, does SFB[i, j] contain the right value?
#
# Original (checkpoint): weight_scale[E, hidden_row, sf_k_block]
# = the block scale for expert E, output row hidden_row, input block sf_k_block
#
# The GEMM operation: Y = X @ W where W is (K, N) = (inter, hidden)
# SFB should be: for each output column n and each input block k_sf,
# SFB[n, k_sf] = scale for column n, input block k_sf
# OR (depending on CUTLASS convention):
# SFB[k_sf, n] = scale for input block k_sf, output column n
#
# In CUTLASS NVFP4, SFB has the same (K, N) structure as B.
# B is ColumnMajor (N, K), so B[n, k] is at memory n + k * N.
# SFB should follow the same (N, K_sf) → ColumnMajor → (K_sf, N) row-major in memory.
#
# Our source (after transpose): (E, sf_K, N) = (E, K_sf, N) row-major
# Element [e, k_sf, n] = original [e, n, k_sf] = checkpoint scale for expert e, output n, input block k_sf
# The remap reads: src[k_sf * N + n] (col_major_src=true)
# = element [e, k_sf, n] = correct scale for (n, k_sf) in the B matrix
# ✓ This is correct!
print(" L2 SF transpose semantics are correct")
print(" After transpose: (E, K_sf, N) with col_major_src=True")
print(" remap reads src[k_sf * N + n] = original scale[e, n, k_sf] ✓")
def check_w13_gate_up_split():
"""Check 6: Is the gate/up split for w13 scale_2 folding aligned
with the actual weight layout after transpose?
w13_weight shape: (E, 2*INTER, HIDDEN//2)
w13_weight_scale shape: (E, 2*INTER, HIDDEN//16)
The fold splits: gate = first INTER rows, up = last INTER rows
Then applies gs[:,0] to gate, gs[:,1] to up
After transpose:
w13_weight: (E, HIDDEN//2, 2*INTER)
w13_sf: (E, HIDDEN//16, 2*INTER)
The gate/up split is now along the LAST dim (N), not the middle.
But the fold happens BEFORE the transpose, so the split is correct.
After transpose, the gate portion is columns 0..INTER-1 and up is INTER..2*INTER-1.
This is still semantically correct for the CUTLASS GEMM.
"""
print("\n" + "=" * 60)
print("CHECK 6: w13 Gate/Up Split Alignment")
print("=" * 60)
print(" Fold happens before transpose → gate/up split is on dim 1 (N)")
print(" After transpose, split is on dim 2 (N) — last dimension")
print(" CUTLASS GEMM sees N=2*INTER with gate first, up second ✓")
print(" The folded scales correctly reflect gate_gs and up_gs ✓")
if __name__ == "__main__":
if not torch.cuda.is_available():
print("WARNING: No CUDA — some checks will be approximate")
check_fold_precision()
check_l2_orientation()
check_ep_aggregation()
check_fold_vs_nofold()
check_l2_sf_transpose_semantics()
check_w13_gate_up_split()
print("\n" + "=" * 60)
print("SUMMARY")
print("=" * 60)
print("""
Most likely suspects for "finite but garbage" output:
1. weight_scale_2 not loaded → all-zero global scales → folded sf = 0
CHECK: Print w13_weight_scale_2 and w2_weight_scale_2 after loading
2. Float8 folding precision: 12-95% relative error for small global scales
This is a QUALITY issue, not a garbage issue
BUT: if global scales are very small (<<1), entire scale groups zero out
3. L2 weight/SF: shapes and semantics look correct after analysis
The transpose + CUTLASS col-major + SFB remap are consistent
4. EP aggregation: contract looks correct (local sum + all_reduce)
ACTION ITEMS:
a) Run the model with debug prints showing weight_scale_2 values
b) Check if any folded scales clamp to 0 or 448 (precision ceiling)
c) Compare folded sf values against reference (unfolded) computation
d) Test with a single expert to isolate EP issues
""")

39
diag_keys.py Normal file
View File

@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
"""Find ALL weight_scale_2 keys in the checkpoint for layer 0 experts."""
from safetensors import safe_open
import glob
import os
MODEL_PATH = "/model"
ckpt_files = sorted(glob.glob(os.path.join(MODEL_PATH, "*.safetensors")))
# Collect ALL keys that mention layer 0 experts and scale
scale_keys = []
for f in ckpt_files:
with safe_open(f, framework="pt") as st:
for key in st.keys():
if "layers.0" in key and "experts.0" in key and "scale" in key.lower():
val = st.get_tensor(key)
scale_keys.append((key, list(val.shape), str(val.dtype), val.float().min().item(), val.float().max().item()))
scale_keys.sort()
for k, s, d, mn, mx in scale_keys:
print(f" {k} shape={s} dtype={d} range=[{mn:.4e}, {mx:.4e}]")
print(f"\nTotal: {len(scale_keys)} scale keys for layer 0 expert 0")
# Also find gate_proj and up_proj weight_scale_2 keys
print("\n--- All weight_scale_2 keys with gate/up/down for layer 0 ---")
ws2_keys = []
for f in ckpt_files:
with safe_open(f, framework="pt") as st:
for key in st.keys():
if "layers.0" in key and "weight_scale_2" in key:
val = st.get_tensor(key)
ws2_keys.append((key, list(val.shape), str(val.dtype), val.float().min().item(), val.float().max().item()))
ws2_keys.sort()
for k, s, d, mn, mx in ws2_keys[:10]:
print(f" {k} shape={s} dtype={d} range=[{mn:.4e}, {mx:.4e}]")
if len(ws2_keys) > 10:
print(f" ... and {len(ws2_keys)-10} more")
print(f"Total: {len(ws2_keys)} weight_scale_2 keys for layer 0")

View File

@@ -61,6 +61,7 @@ def cutlass_grouped_nvfp4_gemm(
slot_expert_ids, # (num_slots,) int32 — per-slot local expert IDs
slot_token=None, # (num_slots,) int64 — per-slot token indices (default: arange)
alpha=1.0, # fp32 scalar: D = alpha * A @ B (from stage_activation global scale)
per_expert_alpha=None, # (E_per_rank,) float32 — per-expert alpha overrides scalar alpha
):
"""Per-expert grouped GEMM for MoE dispatch using CUTLASS NVFP4.
@@ -71,6 +72,11 @@ def cutlass_grouped_nvfp4_gemm(
For L1: x_fp4 has num_tokens rows, slot_token maps slots→rows.
For L2: x_fp4 has num_slots rows, slot_token is just arange(num_slots).
If per_expert_alpha is provided, each expert uses its own alpha value
(activation_global_scale * weight_global_scale[expert]) instead of the
scalar alpha. This preserves full float32 precision — no lossy float8
folding of weight global scales.
Returns:
slot_out: (num_slots, N) bfloat16 — per-slot GEMM results
slot_token: (num_slots,) int64 — token index for each slot
@@ -100,7 +106,7 @@ def cutlass_grouped_nvfp4_gemm(
if MEGA_MOE_DEBUG:
print(f"[cutlass_grouped_gemm] slots={num_slots} K={K} N={N} "
f"experts={num_experts}")
f"experts={num_experts} per_expert_alpha={'yes' if per_expert_alpha is not None else 'no'}")
slot_out = torch.empty(num_slots, N, dtype=torch.bfloat16, device=x_fp4.device)
@@ -116,9 +122,12 @@ def cutlass_grouped_nvfp4_gemm(
expert_w_sf = weight_sf[e]
M_expert = e_idx.shape[0]
# Per-expert alpha: activation_gs * weight_gs (float32, no precision loss)
expert_alpha = float(per_expert_alpha[e]) if per_expert_alpha is not None else alpha
if MEGA_MOE_DEBUG and e < 3 and M_expert > 0:
print(f"[GEMM-IN] expert={e} M={M_expert} N={N} K={K} "
f"w shape={expert_w.shape}")
f"w shape={expert_w.shape} alpha={expert_alpha:.4e}")
# Shape/dtype contract asserts — SFB bugs hide in silent shape mismatches
assert expert_x.shape == (M_expert, K // 2), f"expert_x shape {expert_x.shape} != ({M_expert}, {K // 2})"
@@ -132,14 +141,14 @@ def cutlass_grouped_nvfp4_gemm(
expert_x, expert_x_sf,
expert_w, expert_w_sf,
M_expert, N, K,
alpha=alpha,
alpha=expert_alpha,
)
if MEGA_MOE_DEBUG:
if torch.isnan(expert_out).any() or torch.isinf(expert_out).any():
raise RuntimeError(
f"expert {e} of {num_experts}: GEMM emitted NaN/Inf. "
f"M={M_expert} N={N} K={K}")
f"M={M_expert} N={N} K={K} alpha={expert_alpha:.4e}")
slot_out[e_idx] = expert_out

View File

@@ -56,8 +56,6 @@ def unpack_ue4m3_u32(x_u32):
return out
# CUTLASS native NVFP4 block-scaled GEMM (SM100 Blackwell)
# Primary path: uses CUTLASS MainloopSm100TmaUmmaWarpSpecializedBlockScaled
# which invokes mxf8f6f4.block_scale tensor core instructions directly.
MEGA_MOE_USE_CUTLASS = int(os.environ.get("MEGA_MOE_USE_CUTLASS", "1"))
try:
@@ -97,13 +95,25 @@ def nvfp4_mega_moe_l1(
l1_scales, # (E_per_rank, sf_k_groups, 2*INTER) float8_e4m3fn, column-major
slot_expert_ids, # (num_slots,) int32 — per-slot local expert IDs
slot_token, # (num_slots,) int64 — token index per slot
l1_global_sf, # (E_per_rank, 2) or (E_per_rank,) float32 — weight global scales
alpha=1.0, # fp32 scalar from stage_activation global scale
):
"""L1 GEMM: gate_up_proj — slot-based, no routing weights.
Takes pre-built slot mapping (slot_expert_ids, slot_token) from the outer
routing logic. Returns (slot_out, slot_token) where each slot is one
(token, topk) pair.
Global scale is NOT folded into block scales. Instead, it's applied as a
per-expert multiplier to the GEMM alpha: alpha_expert = alpha * global_sf[expert].
For L1 with gate+up: gate and up share one GEMM but may have different global scales.
Since the GEMM produces gate|up in one shot, we use a single alpha per expert.
Post-GEMM, we apply the gate/up ratio correction if they differ.
Actually, for simplicity and correctness: we use the gate global scale as alpha
and correct the up portion after GEMM. But since gate and up global scales
are typically identical in practice, we just use the geometric mean.
CLEANER APPROACH: use per-expert alpha directly in the grouped GEMM.
The grouped GEMM iterates per expert, so each expert can have its own alpha.
For L1 with separate gate/up global scales, we use the geometric mean
and then apply a correction factor to the up portion.
"""
K_half = x_fp4.shape[1]
K = K_half * 2
@@ -116,13 +126,36 @@ def nvfp4_mega_moe_l1(
w_sf_fp8 = unpack_ue4m3_u32(l1_scales) if l1_scales.dtype == torch.uint32 else l1_scales
assert w_sf_fp8.dtype == torch.float8_e4m3fn, f"l1_scales after unpack dtype={w_sf_fp8.dtype}"
# Compute per-expert alpha: activation_gs * weight_gs
# For L1 with (E, 2) gate/up global scales, use geometric mean per expert
if l1_global_sf.dim() == 2 and l1_global_sf.shape[1] == 2:
# gate_gs and up_gs per expert — use gate_gs for the GEMM alpha,
# then correct the up half post-GEMM
l1_gate_gs = l1_global_sf[:, 0] # (E,) float32
l1_up_gs = l1_global_sf[:, 1] # (E,) float32
per_expert_alpha = alpha * l1_gate_gs # (E,) float32
up_correction = l1_up_gs / l1_gate_gs # (E,) float32 — ratio to apply to up half
else:
per_expert_alpha = alpha * l1_global_sf # (E,) float32
up_correction = None
slot_out, slot_token = cutlass_grouped_nvfp4_gemm(
x_fp4, x_sf_fp8,
l1_weights, w_sf_fp8,
slot_expert_ids, # 1D per-slot expert IDs
slot_token, # 1D per-slot token indices
alpha=alpha,
slot_expert_ids,
slot_token,
per_expert_alpha=per_expert_alpha,
)
# Apply up correction if gate/up global scales differ
if up_correction is not None:
gate_N = N // 2
# For each slot, apply the correction to the up half
# slot_out is (num_slots, N) — up half is [:, gate_N:]
# Correction factor is per-expert: up_correction[slot_expert_ids]
correction = up_correction[slot_expert_ids].unsqueeze(1) # (num_slots, 1)
slot_out[:, gate_N:] = slot_out[:, gate_N:] * correction.to(slot_out.dtype)
print(f"[L1-GEMM-OUT] slots={slot_out.shape[0]} N={N} amax={slot_out.abs().max().item():.4e} mean={slot_out.float().mean().item():.4e}")
return slot_out, slot_token
@@ -132,13 +165,15 @@ def nvfp4_mega_moe_l2(
x_sf, # (num_slots, sf_k_groups) float8_e4m3fn
l2_weights, # (E_per_rank, INTER//2, HIDDEN) int8, column-major for CUTLASS
l2_scales, # (E_per_rank, sf_k_groups, HIDDEN) float8_e4m3fn, column-major
slot_expert_ids, # (num_slots,) int32 — per-slot local expert IDs (from L1 routing)
slot_token, # (num_slots,) int64 — token index per slot (from L1)
slot_expert_ids, # (num_slots,) int32 — per-slot local expert IDs
slot_token, # (num_slots,) int64 — token index per slot
l2_global_sf, # (E_per_rank,) float32 — weight global scales
alpha=1.0, # fp32 scalar from stage_activation global scale
):
"""L2 GEMM: down_proj — slot-based, no routing weights.
Reuses the same slot mapping from L1 (same slot_token and slot_expert_ids).
Per-expert alpha = activation_global_scale * weight_global_scale[expert].
This preserves full float32 precision — no lossy float8 folding.
"""
K_half = x_fp4.shape[1]
K = K_half * 2
@@ -151,11 +186,14 @@ def nvfp4_mega_moe_l2(
w_sf_fp8 = unpack_ue4m3_u32(l2_scales) if l2_scales.dtype == torch.uint32 else l2_scales
assert w_sf_fp8.dtype == torch.float8_e4m3fn, f"l2_scales after unpack dtype={w_sf_fp8.dtype}"
# Per-expert alpha: activation_gs * weight_gs
per_expert_alpha = alpha * l2_global_sf # (E,) float32
slot_out, _ = cutlass_grouped_nvfp4_gemm(
x_fp4, x_sf_fp8,
l2_weights, w_sf_fp8,
slot_expert_ids, # 1D per-slot expert IDs — GEMM handles directly
alpha=alpha,
slot_expert_ids,
per_expert_alpha=per_expert_alpha,
)
return slot_out # (num_slots, HIDDEN) bfloat16
@@ -236,8 +274,8 @@ def stage_activation(x_bf16):
def nvfp4_mega_moe_full(
y, # output tensor (num_tokens, HIDDEN) bfloat16
transformed_l1_weights, # (l1_w, l1_sf) tuple from finalize_weights
transformed_l2_weights, # (l2_w, l2_sf) tuple from finalize_weights
transformed_l1_weights, # (l1_w, l1_sf, l1_global_sf) from finalize_weights
transformed_l2_weights, # (l2_w, l2_sf, l2_global_sf) from finalize_weights
symm_buffer, # SymmBuffer from get_symm_buffer
activation_clamp=None, # optional clamp value (unused in NVFP4)
fast_math=False, # fast math flag (unused in NVFP4)
@@ -246,10 +284,10 @@ def nvfp4_mega_moe_full(
Slot-based pipeline (routing weights applied ONCE at final scatter):
1. Read staged activation from symm_buffer
2. L1 GEMM → slot output (num_slots, 2*INTER) — NO routing weights
2. L1 GEMM → slot output (num_slots, 2*INTER) — per-expert alpha
3. SiLU + Mul PER SLOT (nonlinearity before combining expert paths)
4. Quantize activated slots → FP4
5. L2 GEMM → slot output (num_slots, HIDDEN) — NO routing weights
5. L2 GEMM → slot output (num_slots, HIDDEN) — per-expert alpha
6. Final scatter: y.index_add_(0, slot_token, slot_weight * l2_slots)
Single routing weight application.
"""
@@ -264,9 +302,9 @@ def nvfp4_mega_moe_full(
y.zero_()
return
# Unpack transformed weights
l1_w, l1_sf = transformed_l1_weights
l2_w, l2_sf = transformed_l2_weights
# Unpack transformed weights (now includes global_sf)
l1_w, l1_sf, l1_global_sf = transformed_l1_weights
l2_w, l2_sf, l2_global_sf = transformed_l2_weights
# Expert sanity check — are experts actually distinct?
if not getattr(nvfp4_mega_moe_full, '_expert_sanity', False):
@@ -276,6 +314,8 @@ def nvfp4_mega_moe_full(
sf_sample = l1_sf[e].to(torch.float32)[:4, :4]
print(f"[EXPERT-SANITY e={e}] w_bytes[:8,:8]={w_sample.flatten().tolist()[:16]}")
print(f"[EXPERT-SANITY e={e}] sf[:4,:4]={sf_sample.flatten().tolist()[:8]}")
print(f"[EXPERT-SANITY e={e}] l1_global_sf={l1_global_sf[e].tolist()}")
print(f"[EXPERT-SANITY e={e}] l2_global_sf={l2_global_sf[e].tolist()}")
# Step 1: Read staged activation from symm_buffer
x_fp4 = symm_buffer.x[:num_tokens]
@@ -287,7 +327,8 @@ def nvfp4_mega_moe_full(
_x_sf_f32 = x_sf.to(torch.float32)
_igs = l1_global_scale if isinstance(l1_global_scale, float) else l1_global_scale.item() if hasattr(l1_global_scale, 'item') else float(l1_global_scale)
if MEGA_MOE_DEBUG:
print(f"[ALPHA L1] alpha={_igs:.4e} x_sf range [{_x_sf_f32.min().item():.4e}, {_x_sf_f32.max().item():.4e}]")
print(f"[ALPHA L1] activation_gs={_igs:.4e} x_sf range [{_x_sf_f32.min().item():.4e}, {_x_sf_f32.max().item():.4e}]")
print(f"[ALPHA L1] l1_global_sf range [{l1_global_sf.min().item():.4e}, {l1_global_sf.max().item():.4e}]")
# Convert global expert IDs to local expert IDs
num_experts_per_rank = l1_w.shape[0]
@@ -316,10 +357,10 @@ def nvfp4_mega_moe_full(
y.zero_()
return
# Ensure alpha is a plain Python float (C extension can't handle torch scalars)
# Ensure alpha is a plain Python float for the base activation global scale
l1_alpha = float(l1_global_scale) if not isinstance(l1_global_scale, float) else l1_global_scale
# Shape consistency asserts — catch mismatched slot mappings early
# Shape consistency asserts
assert slot_expert_local.ndim == 1
assert slot_token.ndim == 1
assert slot_weight.ndim == 1
@@ -327,21 +368,11 @@ def nvfp4_mega_moe_full(
assert slot_token.numel() == num_slots
assert slot_weight.numel() == num_slots
# SFB weight scales are remapped per-expert inside CUTLASS on each call.
# ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
# NO PREPACK CACHE — see README for rationale.
# DO NOT add a prepack cache. Previous attempts caused:
# - OOM: ~1.75 GiB per prepacked tensor × 61 layers = 214 GiB
# - Peak memory 2× during torch.stack before eviction
# - CUDA graph use-after-free on evicted entries
# - M_for_layout=128 assumption (unverified M-independence)
# The SFB remap is a small scatter kernel (~µs) — not the bottleneck.
# ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
# Step 2: L1 GEMM — slot-based, no routing weights
# Step 2: L1 GEMM — slot-based, per-expert alpha
l1_slots, _ = nvfp4_mega_moe_l1(
x_fp4, x_sf, l1_w, l1_sf,
slot_expert_local, slot_token,
l1_global_sf=l1_global_sf,
alpha=l1_alpha,
) # (num_slots, 2*INTER) bfloat16
@@ -374,12 +405,14 @@ def nvfp4_mega_moe_full(
if MEGA_MOE_DEBUG:
_l1sf_f32 = l1_sf_out.to(torch.float32)
_l2gs = l2_global_scale if isinstance(l2_global_scale, float) else l2_global_scale.item()
print(f"[ALPHA L2] alpha={_l2gs:.4e} l1_sf range [{_l1sf_f32.min().item():.4e}, {_l1sf_f32.max().item():.4e}]")
print(f"[ALPHA L2] activation_gs={_l2gs:.4e} l1_sf range [{_l1sf_f32.min().item():.4e}, {_l1sf_f32.max().item():.4e}]")
print(f"[ALPHA L2] l2_global_sf range [{l2_global_sf.min().item():.4e}, {l2_global_sf.max().item():.4e}]")
# Step 5: L2 GEMM — slot-based, no routing weights
# Step 5: L2 GEMM — slot-based, per-expert alpha
l2_slots = nvfp4_mega_moe_l2(
l1_fp4, l1_sf_out, l2_w, l2_sf,
slot_expert_local, slot_token,
l2_global_sf=l2_global_sf,
alpha=l2_alpha,
) # (num_slots, HIDDEN) bfloat16

View File

@@ -5,12 +5,12 @@ Converts raw NVFP4 checkpoint weights (uint8 E2M1 + float8_e4m3fn UE4M3 + float3
into the format expected by the CUTLASS block-scaled GEMM kernel:
- Packed FP4 weights (int8, K-major)
- UE4M3 block scales (float8_e4m3fn, row-major — CUTLASS SF remap handles interleaving)
- float32 global scales (NOT folded into block scales — passed separately for per-expert alpha)
Weight scales are returned as float8_e4m3fn (NOT packed uint32). The CUTLASS GEMM
consumes float8 scales directly; only activation scales from the staging kernel come
as uint32 and need unpack_ue4m3_u32.
This replaces deep_gemma.mega.transform_nvfp4_weights_for_mega_moe.
Previous versions folded weight_scale_2 into block scales via float8 round-trip, which caused
25% relative error (product of ~56-448 block_sf × ~4.65e-05 global_sf lands in the low-precision
zone of float8_e4m3fn where step size is 25%). The global scale is now applied as a per-expert
multiplier to the GEMM alpha, preserving full float32 precision.
Call signature matches the nightly vLLM deepseek_v4.py finalize_weights:
transform_nvfp4_weights_for_mega_moe(
@@ -24,134 +24,80 @@ Call signature matches the nightly vLLM deepseek_v4.py finalize_weights:
import torch
def _fold_global_scale(
weight_scale: torch.Tensor, # (E, N, K//16) float8_e4m3fn
weight_scale_2: torch.Tensor, # (E,) or (E, 2) or scalar float32
) -> torch.Tensor:
"""Fold global scale into block scales: UE4M3 * FP32 → float32.
For fused projections (w13 = gate+up), weight_scale_2 is (E, 2):
scale_2[e, 0] applies to gate_proj rows, scale_2[e, 1] applies to up_proj rows.
N is split: gate = weight_scale[:, :N//2, :], up = weight_scale[:, N//2:, :]
For single projections (w2), weight_scale_2 is (E,) or scalar.
"""
sf_f32 = weight_scale.to(torch.float32)
gs = weight_scale_2.to(torch.float32)
if gs.numel() == 1:
sf_f32 = sf_f32 * gs
elif gs.dim() == 2 and gs.shape[1] == 2:
# Fused projection: (E, 2) — gate and up have separate global scales
# weight_scale is (E, N, K//16), N = gate_N + up_N
gate_N = sf_f32.shape[1] // 2
gs_gate = gs[:, 0].unsqueeze(-1) # (E, 1)
gs_up = gs[:, 1].unsqueeze(-1) # (E, 1)
sf_f32[:, :gate_N, :] = sf_f32[:, :gate_N, :] * gs_gate.unsqueeze(-1)
sf_f32[:, gate_N:, :] = sf_f32[:, gate_N:, :] * gs_up.unsqueeze(-1)
else:
# Per-expert global scale — broadcast multiply
while gs.dim() < sf_f32.dim():
gs = gs.unsqueeze(-1)
sf_f32 = sf_f32 * gs.expand_as(sf_f32)
return sf_f32
def _pack_ue4m3_to_uint32(sf: torch.Tensor) -> torch.Tensor:
"""Pack 4 UE4M3 (float8_e4m3fn) values into one uint32."""
sf_u8 = sf.view(torch.uint8)
assert sf_u8.shape[-1] % 4 == 0, f"Last dim {sf_u8.shape[-1]} not divisible by 4"
packed = (sf_u8[..., 0::4].to(torch.int32) |
(sf_u8[..., 1::4].to(torch.int32) << 8) |
(sf_u8[..., 2::4].to(torch.int32) << 16) |
(sf_u8[..., 3::4].to(torch.int32) << 24))
return packed.contiguous()
def transform_nvfp4_weights_for_mega_moe(
l1_tuple: tuple[torch.Tensor, torch.Tensor], # (weight, weight_scale)
l2_tuple: tuple[torch.Tensor, torch.Tensor], # (weight, weight_scale)
l1_weight_scale_2: torch.Tensor = None, # float32 global scale for L1
l2_weight_scale_2: torch.Tensor = None, # float32 global scale for L2
) -> tuple[tuple[torch.Tensor, torch.Tensor], tuple[torch.Tensor, torch.Tensor]]:
) -> tuple[tuple[torch.Tensor, torch.Tensor, torch.Tensor],
tuple[torch.Tensor, torch.Tensor, torch.Tensor]]:
"""Transform NVFP4 weights for the CUTLASS block-scaled GEMM.
Matches the call signature from nightly vLLM deepseek_v4.py finalize_weights.
NO LONGER FOLDS GLOBAL SCALES INTO BLOCK SCALES.
Folding block_sf (float8) × global_sf (float32) → float8 loses ~25% precision
because the product lands in the low-precision zone of float8_e4m3fn.
Instead, global scales are returned separately and applied as per-expert GEMM alpha.
Args:
l1_tuple: (w13_weight, w13_weight_scale) — gate_up proj
l2_tuple: (w2_weight, w2_weight_scale) — down proj
l1_weight_scale_2: global scale for L1 (float32)
Shape (E, 2) for gate+up, or (E,) per-expert, or scalar
l2_weight_scale_2: global scale for L2 (float32)
Shape (E,) per-expert, or scalar
Returns:
((l1_weight, l1_sf_packed), (l2_weight, l2_sf_packed))
((l1_weight, l1_sf, l1_global_sf), (l2_weight, l2_sf, l2_global_sf))
where global_sf is (E,) float32 — the geometric mean of gate/up for L1,
or the per-expert global scale for L2.
The caller must apply global_sf as a per-expert multiplier to the GEMM alpha.
"""
l1_weight, l1_weight_scale = l1_tuple
l2_weight, l2_weight_scale = l2_tuple
# DEBUG: check raw scales before folding
l1_sf_f32_raw = l1_weight_scale.to(torch.float32)
l1_gs_raw = l1_weight_scale_2.to(torch.float32) if l1_weight_scale_2 is not None else None
if not getattr(transform_nvfp4_weights_for_mega_moe, '_sf_debug', False):
transform_nvfp4_weights_for_mega_moe._sf_debug = True
print(f"[SF-DEBUG] raw l1_sf dtype={l1_weight_scale.dtype} range=[{l1_sf_f32_raw.min().item():.4e}, {l1_sf_f32_raw.max().item():.4e}] "
f"unique_raw={torch.unique(l1_weight_scale.view(torch.uint8)).numel()}")
if l1_gs_raw is not None:
print(f"[SF-DEBUG] l1_gs dtype={l1_weight_scale_2.dtype} shape={tuple(l1_weight_scale_2.shape)} "
f"range=[{l1_gs_raw.min().item():.4e}, {l1_gs_raw.max().item():.4e}] "
f"unique_gs={torch.unique(l1_gs_raw).numel()}")
if l1_gs_raw.dim() == 2 and l1_gs_raw.shape[1] == 2:
print(f"[SF-DEBUG] gate gs unique={torch.unique(l1_gs_raw[:, 0]).numel()} "
f"up gs unique={torch.unique(l1_gs_raw[:, 1]).numel()}")
# DEBUG: check L2 scales
l2_sf_f32_raw = l2_weight_scale.to(torch.float32)
l2_gs_raw = l2_weight_scale_2.to(torch.float32) if l2_weight_scale_2 is not None else None
if not getattr(transform_nvfp4_weights_for_mega_moe, '_sf_debug_l2', False):
transform_nvfp4_weights_for_mega_moe._sf_debug_l2 = True
print(f"[SF-DEBUG-L2] raw l2_sf dtype={l2_weight_scale.dtype} range=[{l2_sf_f32_raw.min().item():.4e}, {l2_sf_f32_raw.max().item():.4e}] "
f"unique_raw={torch.unique(l2_weight_scale.view(torch.uint8)).numel()}")
if l2_gs_raw is not None:
print(f"[SF-DEBUG-L2] l2_gs dtype={l2_weight_scale_2.dtype} shape={tuple(l2_weight_scale_2.shape)} "
f"range=[{l2_gs_raw.min().item():.4e}, {l2_gs_raw.max().item():.4e}] "
f"unique_gs={torch.unique(l2_gs_raw).numel()}")
# Post-fold diagnostics — one-time
if not getattr(transform_nvfp4_weights_for_mega_moe, '_sf_debug_fold', False):
transform_nvfp4_weights_for_mega_moe._sf_debug_fold = True
l1_sf_folded = _fold_global_scale(l1_weight_scale, l1_weight_scale_2) if l1_weight_scale_2 is not None else l1_weight_scale.to(torch.float32)
l1_sf_out_check = l1_sf_folded.clamp(0.0, 448.0).to(torch.float8_e4m3fn)
l2_sf_folded = _fold_global_scale(l2_weight_scale, l2_weight_scale_2) if l2_weight_scale_2 is not None else l2_weight_scale.to(torch.float32)
l2_sf_out_check = l2_sf_folded.clamp(0.0, 448.0).to(torch.float8_e4m3fn)
print(f"[SF-FOLD] l1 pre-fold unique_u8={torch.unique(l1_weight_scale.view(torch.uint8)).numel()} "
f"post-fold unique_u8={torch.unique(l1_sf_out_check.view(torch.uint8)).numel()} "
f"range=[{l1_sf_folded.min().item():.4e}, {l1_sf_folded.max().item():.4e}]")
print(f"[SF-FOLD] l2 pre-fold unique_u8={torch.unique(l2_weight_scale.view(torch.uint8)).numel()} "
f"post-fold unique_u8={torch.unique(l2_sf_out_check.view(torch.uint8)).numel()} "
f"range=[{l2_sf_folded.min().item():.4e}, {l2_sf_folded.max().item():.4e}]")
# Fold global scales into block scales
# The logical_widths branch was wrong: it treated gs as per-projection
# scalars and only used experts 0 and 1's scales for ALL experts.
# The else branch correctly broadcasts each expert's own global scale.
# Extract global scales as per-expert float32 vectors
# L1: gate/up have separate global scales — store both
# The caller (nvfp4_mega_moe_full) will apply the right one per-expert
if l1_weight_scale_2 is not None:
l1_sf_folded = _fold_global_scale(l1_weight_scale, l1_weight_scale_2)
l1_gs = l1_weight_scale_2.to(torch.float32)
if l1_gs.dim() == 2 and l1_gs.shape[1] == 2:
# (E, 2) — gate_gs and up_gs separate
# For L1 alpha, use the geometric mean (close enough since gate and up
# global scales are typically similar). Actually, we need BOTH because
# the GEMM produces gate and up in one shot.
# Better: just store (E, 2) and let the caller apply post-GEMM scaling.
l1_global_sf = l1_gs # (E, 2) float32
else:
l1_global_sf = l1_gs # (E,) float32
else:
l1_sf_folded = l1_weight_scale.to(torch.float32)
l1_global_sf = torch.ones(l1_weight.shape[0], dtype=torch.float32, device=l1_weight.device)
if l2_weight_scale_2 is not None:
l2_sf_folded = _fold_global_scale(l2_weight_scale, l2_weight_scale_2)
l2_gs = l2_weight_scale_2.to(torch.float32)
l2_global_sf = l2_gs # (E,) or scalar → broadcast to (E,)
if l2_global_sf.dim() == 0:
l2_global_sf = l2_global_sf.expand(l2_weight.shape[0])
else:
l2_sf_folded = l2_weight_scale.to(torch.float32)
l2_global_sf = torch.ones(l2_weight.shape[0], dtype=torch.float32, device=l2_weight.device)
# Clamp and convert back to UE4M3
l1_sf_out = l1_sf_folded.clamp(0.0, 448.0).to(torch.float8_e4m3fn).contiguous()
l2_sf_out = l2_sf_folded.clamp(0.0, 448.0).to(torch.float8_e4m3fn).contiguous()
# Debug: one-time diagnostic
if not getattr(transform_nvfp4_weights_for_mega_moe, '_diag', False):
transform_nvfp4_weights_for_mega_moe._diag = True
print(f"[WT-XFORM] L1 block_sf range=[{l1_weight_scale.float().min():.4e}, "
f"{l1_weight_scale.float().max():.4e}] unique={torch.unique(l1_weight_scale.view(torch.uint8)).numel()}")
print(f"[WT-XFORM] L1 global_sf: shape={tuple(l1_global_sf.shape)} "
f"range=[{l1_global_sf.min():.4e}, {l1_global_sf.max():.4e}]")
print(f"[WT-XFORM] L2 block_sf range=[{l2_weight_scale.float().min():.4e}, "
f"{l2_weight_scale.float().max():.4e}] unique={torch.unique(l2_weight_scale.view(torch.uint8)).numel()}")
print(f"[WT-XFORM] L2 global_sf: shape={tuple(l2_global_sf.shape)} "
f"range=[{l2_global_sf.min():.4e}, {l2_global_sf.max():.4e}]")
# Block scales stay as original float8 — NO FOLDING
l1_sf_out = l1_weight_scale.contiguous()
l2_sf_out = l2_weight_scale.contiguous()
# CUTLASS B is declared ColumnMajor — it expects (K, N) in memory.
# Checkpoint weights are (N, K_half) row-major, so we transpose to (K_half, N)
# which is column-major (N, K_half). This is a one-time cost at load time.
l1_weight_out = l1_weight.transpose(-2, -1).contiguous()
l2_weight_out = l2_weight.transpose(-2, -1).contiguous()
@@ -159,4 +105,4 @@ def transform_nvfp4_weights_for_mega_moe(
l1_sf_out = l1_sf_out.transpose(-2, -1).contiguous()
l2_sf_out = l2_sf_out.transpose(-2, -1).contiguous()
return (l1_weight_out, l1_sf_out), (l2_weight_out, l2_sf_out)
return (l1_weight_out, l1_sf_out, l1_global_sf), (l2_weight_out, l2_sf_out, l2_global_sf)

View File

@@ -346,8 +346,8 @@ class DeepseekV4MegaMoEExperts(nn.Module):
)
set_weight_attrs(self.w2_input_scale, weight_attrs)
self._transformed_l1_weights: tuple[torch.Tensor, torch.Tensor] | None = None
self._transformed_l2_weights: tuple[torch.Tensor, torch.Tensor] | None = None
self._transformed_l1_weights: tuple[torch.Tensor, torch.Tensor, torch.Tensor] | None = None
self._transformed_l2_weights: tuple[torch.Tensor, torch.Tensor, torch.Tensor] | None = None
# Register in the static forward context so the custom-op wrapper
# can look up this module by name from within a torch.compile graph.
@@ -437,13 +437,15 @@ class DeepseekV4MegaMoEExperts(nn.Module):
from nvfp4_megamoe_kernel import transform_nvfp4_weights_for_mega_moe
# === Native NVFP4 path ===
# The DeepGEMM nvfp4 mega_moe kernel consumes NVFP4 directly:
# - E2M1 packed uint8 (same as checkpoint)
# The CUTLASS nvfp4 mega_moe kernel consumes NVFP4 directly:
# - E2M1 packed int8 (same as checkpoint)
# - UE4M3 block scales (float8_e4m3fn), group_size=16
# - float32 global scale folded into block scales
# No conversion to MXFP4. Experts stay NVFP4.
# - float32 global scales returned SEPARATELY (NOT folded into float8)
# Previous versions folded global scales into block scales via float8
# round-trip, which caused ~25% precision loss. Now, global scales
# are applied as per-expert GEMM alpha in float32 (exact).
# Fold global scales into block scales and transform for the kernel
# Transform weights — returns (w, sf, global_sf) tuples
self._transformed_l1_weights, self._transformed_l2_weights = (
transform_nvfp4_weights_for_mega_moe(
(self.w13_weight.data.contiguous(),