feat: TMA async load infrastructure for FMHA kernel

- fmha_tma.cuh: TMA descriptor creation, mbarrier helpers, cp.async.bulk.tensor.2d wrappers
- fmha_6warp_tma.cuh: TMA-integrated multirow kernel with async GMEM→SMEM loads
  - TMA loads Q, K, V tiles to row-major SMEM
  - Transposes to canonical K-major layout for MMA
  - Same softmax/epilogue as non-TMA kernel
- test_fmha_tma.cu: Test harness for TMA FMHA (HD=64 first)
This commit is contained in:
2026-05-29 04:36:52 +00:00
parent d1c1eaeddc
commit 696462f07a
3 changed files with 1015 additions and 0 deletions

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/**
* DSV4 FMHA — 6-warp specialized kernel, multi-row softmax, TMA async loads.
*
* ==================================================================
* DESIGN
* ==================================================================
*
* Same 6-warp design as fmha_6warp_multirow.cuh, but replaces scalar
* GMEM reads in the load warp with TMA async bulk copies.
*
* 6-warp CTA: warps 0-3 = softmax, warp 4 = MMA, warp 5 = TMA load.
* Grid: (1, n_h, batch) — each CTA processes one head of one batch item.
*
* TMA PIPELINE (single-stage, no overlap yet):
* 1. TMA warp issues cp.async.bulk.tensor.2d for Q, K tiles → SMEM (row-major)
* 2. mbarrier wait for TMA completion
* 3. Load warp transposes row-major SMEM → canonical K-major SMEM
* 4. MMA warp runs tcgen05.mma as before
*
* SMEM LAYOUT (same as non-TMA kernel, plus TMA staging buffers):
* - sQ_tma: (128, HD) row-major BF16 — TMA destination for Q
* - sK_tma: (128, 16) row-major BF16 — TMA destination for each K sub-tile
* - sQ: (128, HD) canonical K-major BF16 — MMA source for Q
* - sK: (128, 16) canonical K-major BF16 — MMA source for K
* - sPk: (128, 16) canonical K-major BF16 — P staging for PV
* - sV: (16, 16) canonical K-major BF16 — V staging for PV
* - sMbar: mbarrier for TMA completion
* - sTmemBase: TMEM base pointer
* - sRowMax, sRowSum: softmax intermediates
*
* NOTE: The row-major → canonical transpose is TEMPORARY. Once we
* validate TMA + SWIZZLE_128B, TMA will write directly in the swizzled
* canonical layout that MMA reads, eliminating the transpose entirely.
* But we do it the RIGHT way first: get TMA working, verify correctness,
* then optimize.
* ==================================================================
*/
#pragma once
#include "fmha_common.cuh"
#include "fmha_umma_desc.cuh"
#include "fmha_tma.cuh"
namespace dsv4::kernels::attention {
struct FmhaMultiRowTmaParams {
const bf16_t* __restrict__ q;
const bf16_t* __restrict__ k;
const bf16_t* __restrict__ v;
bf16_t* __restrict__ o;
float* __restrict__ lse;
int s_k, T;
float scale;
int head_dim;
int q_head_stride, q_batch_stride;
int k_head_stride, k_batch_stride;
int v_head_stride, v_batch_stride;
int o_head_stride, o_batch_stride;
int lse_head_stride, lse_batch_stride;
// TMA descriptors (device pointers to CUtensorMap in GMEM)
CUtensorMap* __restrict__ tma_q; // Q: (T, HD)
CUtensorMap* __restrict__ tma_k; // K: (s_k, HD) — used for per-sub-tile loads
CUtensorMap* __restrict__ tma_v; // V: (HD, s_k) — used for per-sub-tile loads
};
template<int HD, int SK_TILE = 128>
__global__ void __launch_bounds__(192)
fmha_6warp_tma_kernel(FmhaMultiRowTmaParams params) {
static constexpr int NKT_QK = HD / MMA_K_BF16;
static constexpr int NKT_PV = SK_TILE / MMA_K_BF16;
static constexpr int N_NSUB = HD / 16;
static constexpr int TILE_SZ = 128 * MMA_K_BF16;
static constexpr int V_SUB_SZ = 16 * MMA_K_BF16;
static constexpr int TMEM_N = (HD <= 128) ? 128 : 256;
static constexpr int MAX_ROWS = 128;
static constexpr int CORES_MN = 128 / 8;
static constexpr int NUM_READS = SK_TILE / 8;
const int head_idx = blockIdx.y;
const int batch_idx = blockIdx.z;
const int tid = threadIdx.x;
const int wid = tid / 32;
const int lane = tid % 32;
const bool is_softmax_warp = (wid < 4);
const bool is_mma_warp = (wid == 4);
const bool is_load_warp = (wid == 5);
const int T = params.T;
const int s_k = params.s_k;
const float scale = params.scale;
const bf16_t* __restrict__ q_head = params.q + head_idx * params.q_head_stride + batch_idx * params.q_batch_stride;
const bf16_t* __restrict__ k_head = params.k + head_idx * params.k_head_stride + batch_idx * params.k_batch_stride;
const bf16_t* __restrict__ v_head = params.v + head_idx * params.v_head_stride + batch_idx * params.v_batch_stride;
bf16_t* __restrict__ o_head = params.o + head_idx * params.o_head_stride + batch_idx * params.o_batch_stride;
float* __restrict__ lse_head = params.lse ? params.lse + head_idx * params.lse_head_stride + batch_idx * params.lse_batch_stride : nullptr;
// TMA descriptor pointers (rebased per head/batch)
// These point to the base Q/K/V tensors. We offset coordinates for head/batch.
CUtensorMap* __restrict__ tma_q = params.tma_q;
CUtensorMap* __restrict__ tma_k = params.tma_k;
CUtensorMap* __restrict__ tma_v = params.tma_v;
// ==================================================================
// SMEM allocation
// ==================================================================
// Layout:
// sTmemBase (4B) | sMbar (8B, 128B-aligned) | sRowMax (128×4B) |
// sRowSum (128×4B) | sQ_tma (128×HD, 128B-aligned, row-major) |
// sK_tma (128×16, 128B-aligned, row-major) |
// sQ (128×HD, 128B-aligned, canonical) |
// sK (128×16, 128B-aligned, canonical) |
// sPk (128×16, 128B-aligned, canonical) |
// sV_tma (16×128, 128B-aligned, row-major) |
// sV (16×16, 128B-aligned, canonical)
// ==================================================================
extern __shared__ char sbuf[];
uint32_t* sTmemBase = (uint32_t*)sbuf;
size_t off = 4; // sTmemBase
// sMbar: 128B-aligned
off = (off + 127) & ~(size_t)127;
uint64_t* sMbar = (uint64_t*)(sbuf + off);
off += 8;
// sRowMax, sRowSum
float* sRowMax = (float*)(sbuf + off); off += MAX_ROWS * sizeof(float);
float* sRowSum = (float*)(sbuf + off); off += MAX_ROWS * sizeof(float);
// sQ_tma: row-major (T rows, HD cols), padded to 128 rows for TMA tile
off = (off + 127) & ~(size_t)127;
bf16_t* sQ_tma = (bf16_t*)(sbuf + off); off += 128 * HD * sizeof(bf16_t);
// sK_tma: row-major (128 rows, 16 cols) — one K sub-tile at a time
off = (off + 127) & ~(size_t)127;
bf16_t* sK_tma = (bf16_t*)(sbuf + off); off += 128 * MMA_K_BF16 * sizeof(bf16_t);
// sQ: canonical K-major (128, HD) for MMA
off = (off + 127) & ~(size_t)127;
bf16_t* sQ = (bf16_t*)(sbuf + off); off += 128 * HD * sizeof(bf16_t);
// sK: canonical K-major (128, 16) for MMA
off = (off + 127) & ~(size_t)127;
bf16_t* sK = (bf16_t*)(sbuf + off); off += 128 * MMA_K_BF16 * sizeof(bf16_t);
// sPk: canonical K-major (128, 16) for P staging in PV
off = (off + 127) & ~(size_t)127;
bf16_t* sPk = (bf16_t*)(sbuf + off); off += 128 * MMA_K_BF16 * sizeof(bf16_t);
// sV_tma: row-major (16 rows, 128 cols) — V sub-tile for PV
off = (off + 127) & ~(size_t)127;
bf16_t* sV_tma = (bf16_t*)(sbuf + off); off += 16 * 128 * sizeof(bf16_t);
// sV: canonical K-major (16, 16) for MMA PV
off = (off + 127) & ~(size_t)127;
bf16_t* sV = (bf16_t*)(sbuf + off); off += V_SUB_SZ * sizeof(bf16_t);
// ==================================================================
// Initialize mbarrier (one thread)
// ==================================================================
if (tid == 0) {
uint32_t mbar_addr = (uint32_t)__cvta_generic_to_shared(sMbar);
tma_mbar_init(mbar_addr);
}
// TMEM alloc
if (is_mma_warp) {
uint32_t smem_ptr = __cvta_generic_to_shared(sTmemBase);
tmem_alloc(smem_ptr, TMEM_N);
}
__syncthreads();
uint32_t tb = *sTmemBase;
// Row assignment for softmax warps
const bool my_warp_active = (T <= 32) ? (wid == 0) : is_softmax_warp;
const int my_row = my_warp_active ? (wid * 32 + lane) : 0;
const bool my_row_active = my_warp_active && (my_row < T);
// ==================================================================
// TMA LOAD Q — full Q matrix (T, HD)
// ==================================================================
// Issue TMA load for Q. The TMA descriptor covers the full (T, HD)
// tensor for this head/batch. We load starting at (0, 0) into sQ_tma.
// ==================================================================
if (is_load_warp && lane == 0) {
uint32_t smem_dst = (uint32_t)__cvta_generic_to_shared(sQ_tma);
uint32_t mbar_addr = (uint32_t)__cvta_generic_to_shared(sMbar);
tma_load_2d(smem_dst, (uint64_t)tma_q, mbar_addr, 0, 0);
}
// Wait for Q TMA completion
if (is_load_warp && lane == 0) {
uint32_t mbar_addr = (uint32_t)__cvta_generic_to_shared(sMbar);
tma_mbarrier_wait(mbar_addr);
}
__syncthreads();
// Transpose sQ_tma (row-major) → sQ (canonical K-major)
// Q is (T, HD). Only T rows have data; rows T..127 are zero (TMA pads).
// The transpose function handles the conversion.
if (is_load_warp) {
write_smem_canonical<128, HD>(sQ, sQ_tma);
}
// ==================================================================
// QK GEMM → S in TMEM (loop over K sub-tiles)
// ==================================================================
for (int kt = 0; kt < NKT_QK; kt++) {
// --- TMA load K sub-tile ---
// K is (s_k, HD) in GMEM. We load a (s_k, 16) sub-tile starting
// at column kt*16. TMA coordinates: (coord_x = kt*16, coord_y = 0)
// After TMA, sK_tma contains (s_k, 16) in row-major.
// Then transpose to canonical sK for MMA.
// Re-init mbarrier for this K-tile load
if (tid == 0) {
uint32_t mbar_addr = (uint32_t)__cvta_generic_to_shared(sMbar);
tma_mbarrier_init(mbar_addr);
}
__syncthreads();
if (is_load_warp && lane == 0) {
uint32_t smem_dst = (uint32_t)__cvta_generic_to_shared(sK_tma);
uint32_t mbar_addr = (uint32_t)__cvta_generic_to_shared(sMbar);
// TMA load: K sub-tile at column offset kt*16, row offset 0
tma_load_2d(smem_dst, (uint64_t)tma_k, mbar_addr, kt * MMA_K_BF16, 0);
}
// Wait for K TMA completion
if (is_load_warp && lane == 0) {
uint32_t mbar_addr = (uint32_t)__cvta_generic_to_shared(sMbar);
tma_mbarrier_wait(mbar_addr);
}
__syncthreads();
// Transpose sK_tma → sK (canonical)
if (is_load_warp) {
write_smem_canonical<128, MMA_K_BF16>(sK, sK_tma);
}
__syncthreads();
// MMA: sQ × sK → TMEM
if (is_mma_warp) {
uint32_t idesc = make_idesc(128, 128);
uint64_t dq = make_umma_desc_kmajor_none(__cvta_generic_to_shared(sQ), 128);
uint64_t dk = make_umma_desc_kmajor_none(__cvta_generic_to_shared(sK), 128);
if (tid == 128) umma_ss_f16(tb, dq, dk, idesc, kt > 0);
asm volatile("tcgen05.fence::after_thread_sync;" ::: "memory");
}
__syncthreads();
}
// TMEM visibility fence
asm volatile("fence.sc.gpu;" ::: "memory");
__syncthreads();
// ==================================================================
// SOFTMAX — compute P in registers (TWO passes over TMEM)
// (Identical to non-TMA multirow kernel)
// ==================================================================
// Pass 1: row_max
float my_row_max = -INFINITY;
if (my_warp_active) {
for (int n = 0; n < NUM_READS; n++) {
float tmp[8];
asm volatile("tcgen05.ld.sync.aligned.32x32b.x8.b32 {%0,%1,%2,%3,%4,%5,%6,%7},[%8];"
: "=f"(tmp[0]),"=f"(tmp[1]),"=f"(tmp[2]),"=f"(tmp[3]),
"=f"(tmp[4]),"=f"(tmp[5]),"=f"(tmp[6]),"=f"(tmp[7])
: "r"(tb + n * 8));
asm volatile("tcgen05.wait::ld.sync.aligned;");
if (my_row_active) {
for (int c = 0; c < 8; c++) {
int col = n * 8 + c;
if (col < s_k) my_row_max = fmaxf(my_row_max, tmp[c] * scale);
}
}
}
}
if (my_row_active) sRowMax[my_row] = my_row_max;
__syncthreads();
// Pass 2: compute P values
float my_p_vals[SK_TILE];
float my_row_sum = 0.0f;
if (my_warp_active) {
float rm = my_row_active ? sRowMax[my_row] : 0.0f;
for (int n = 0; n < NUM_READS; n++) {
float tmp[8];
asm volatile("tcgen05.ld.sync.aligned.32x32b.x8.b32 {%0,%1,%2,%3,%4,%5,%6,%7},[%8];"
: "=f"(tmp[0]),"=f"(tmp[1]),"=f"(tmp[2]),"=f"(tmp[3]),
"=f"(tmp[4]),"=f"(tmp[5]),"=f"(tmp[6]),"=f"(tmp[7])
: "r"(tb + n * 8));
asm volatile("tcgen05.wait::ld.sync.aligned;");
if (my_row_active) {
for (int c = 0; c < 8; c++) {
int col = n * 8 + c;
if (col < s_k) {
float p = expf(tmp[c] * scale - rm);
my_p_vals[col] = p;
my_row_sum += p;
}
}
}
}
}
if (my_row_active) sRowSum[my_row] = my_row_sum;
__syncthreads();
// ==================================================================
// PV GEMM — write P to sPk per K-tile, accumulate O in TMEM
// ==================================================================
for (int n_sub = 0; n_sub < N_NSUB; n_sub++) {
int d_base = n_sub * 16;
for (int pv_kt = 0; pv_kt < NKT_PV; pv_kt++) {
const int col_start = pv_kt * MMA_K_BF16;
// --- TMA load V sub-tile ---
// V is (HD, s_k) in GMEM. For PV, we need a (16, s_k) sub-tile
// starting at row d_base. But TMA loads tiles, not arbitrary slices.
//
// V sub-tile for PV: (16, MMA_K_BF16) = 16 rows × 16 cols
// In GMEM, V[d_base + dd, col_start + lr] = v_head[(d_base+dd)*s_k + col_start+lr]
//
// For TMA, the descriptor covers the full (HD, s_k) V tensor.
// We load a (16, 128) tile starting at (col_start, d_base).
// Wait — V in GMEM is (HD, s_k). A (16, 128) TMA tile at
// coord (col=col_start, row=d_base) loads V[d_base..d_base+15, col_start..col_start+127].
// That's exactly what we need for sV.
//
// But our V MMA sub-tile is (128, 16) in canonical layout,
// which represents the (16, 128) V sub-tile transposed for the
// PV GEMM B operand. The TMA will load (16, 128) row-major →
// we need to transpose to canonical (128, 16).
// Re-init mbarrier
if (tid == 0) {
uint32_t mbar_addr = (uint32_t)__cvta_generic_to_shared(sMbar);
tma_mbarrier_init(mbar_addr);
}
__syncthreads();
// Zero sPk
if (is_load_warp) {
for (int i = lane; i < TILE_SZ; i += 32) sPk[i] = 0;
}
__syncthreads();
// Softmax warps: write P to sPk (same as non-TMA kernel)
if (my_row_active) {
for (int c = 0; c < MMA_K_BF16; c++) {
int gc = col_start + c;
int ck = c/8, lc = c%8;
int core_mn = my_row/8, local_r = my_row%8;
sPk[ck*CORES_MN*64 + core_mn*64 + local_r*8 + lc] = f32_to_bf16(my_p_vals[gc]);
}
}
__syncthreads();
// TMA load V sub-tile: (16, 128) at (col=col_start, row=d_base)
if (is_load_warp && lane == 0) {
uint32_t smem_dst = (uint32_t)__cvta_generic_to_shared(sV_tma);
uint32_t mbar_addr = (uint32_t)__cvta_generic_to_shared(sMbar);
tma_load_2d(smem_dst, (uint64_t)tma_v, mbar_addr, col_start, d_base);
}
if (is_load_warp && lane == 0) {
uint32_t mbar_addr = (uint32_t)__cvta_generic_to_shared(sMbar);
tma_mbarrier_wait(mbar_addr);
}
__syncthreads();
// Transpose sV_tma (16, 128) row-major → sV (128, 16) canonical
// This is a TRANSPOSE: (16, 128) → (128, 16)
// In the canonical layout, the B operand for PV is (BLOCK_N=128, BLOCK_K=16).
// The row-major (16, 128) from TMA is V[d_base..d_base+15, col_start..col_start+127].
// We need B[r, d] where r = sequence position, d = head dim offset.
// B[r, d] = V[d, r] = V_tma[d - d_base, r - col_start] for d in [d_base, d_base+16), r in [col_start, col_start+128).
// So B[r, d] = sV_tma[(d - d_base) * 128 + (r - col_start)] — row-major in (16, 128).
if (is_load_warp) {
constexpr int SV_CORES_MN = 128 / 8; // 16
constexpr int SV_CORES_K = 16 / 8; // 2
for (int i = lane; i < 128 * 16; i += 32) sV[i] = 0;
for (int i = lane; i < 16 * 128; i += 32) {
int d = i / 128; // row in V_tma = head dim offset
int r = i % 128; // col in V_tma = sequence position
// B[r, d] in canonical: core_mn = r/8, core_k = d/8, local_r = r%8, local_c = d%8
int core_mn = r / 8;
int core_k = d / 8;
int local_r = r % 8;
int local_c = d % 8;
int dst_idx = core_k * SV_CORES_MN * 64 + core_mn * 64 + local_r * 8 + local_c;
sV[dst_idx] = sV_tma[i];
}
}
__syncthreads();
// MMA: sPk × sV → TMEM
if (is_mma_warp) {
uint32_t idesc_pv = make_idesc(128, 16);
uint64_t dp = make_umma_desc_kmajor_none(__cvta_generic_to_shared(sPk), 128);
uint64_t dv = make_umma_desc_kmajor_none(__cvta_generic_to_shared(sV), 16);
if (tid == 128) umma_ss_f16(tb + n_sub*16, dp, dv, idesc_pv, pv_kt > 0);
asm volatile("tcgen05.fence::after_thread_sync;" ::: "memory");
}
__syncthreads();
}
}
// Ensure PV output is visible
asm volatile("fence.sc.gpu;" ::: "memory");
__syncthreads();
// ==================================================================
// EPILOGUE: TMEM → regs → normalize → BF16 → GMEM + LSE output
// (Identical to non-TMA multirow kernel)
// ==================================================================
if (my_warp_active) {
float rm = my_row_active ? sRowMax[my_row] : 0.0f;
float rs = my_row_active ? sRowSum[my_row] : 0.0f;
float inv_rs = my_row_active ? (1.0f / rs) : 0.0f;
for (int n = 0; n < N_NSUB * 2; n++) {
float tmp[8];
asm volatile("tcgen05.ld.sync.aligned.32x32b.x8.b32 {%0,%1,%2,%3,%4,%5,%6,%7},[%8];"
: "=f"(tmp[0]),"=f"(tmp[1]),"=f"(tmp[2]),"=f"(tmp[3]),
"=f"(tmp[4]),"=f"(tmp[5]),"=f"(tmp[6]),"=f"(tmp[7])
: "r"(tb + n * 8));
asm volatile("tcgen05.wait::ld.sync.aligned;");
if (my_row_active) {
for (int c = 0; c < 8; c++) {
int d = n * 8 + c;
if (d < HD) o_head[my_row * HD + d] = f32_to_bf16(tmp[c] * inv_rs);
}
}
}
if (my_row_active && lse_head) lse_head[my_row] = logf(rs) + rm;
}
__syncthreads();
if (is_mma_warp) tmem_dealloc(tb, TMEM_N);
}
} // namespace dsv4::kernels::attention

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/**
* DSV4 FMHA — TMA async load infrastructure for Blackwell SM100.
*
* ==================================================================
* DESIGN
* ==================================================================
*
* Replaces scalar GMEM reads in the load warp with async TMA bulk
* copies via cp.async.bulk.tensor.2d. The pipeline:
*
* Host: CUtensorMap creation for Q, K, V tiles
* Kernel:
* 1. TMA warp issues cp.async.bulk.tensor.2d → SMEM (row-major)
* 2. mbarrier wait for TMA completion
* 3. Load warp transposes row-major SMEM → canonical K-major SMEM
* 4. MMA warp runs tcgen05.mma as before
*
* For double-buffered pipeline overlap (future):
* - Two SMEM buffers per tensor (sQ0/sQ1, sK0/sK1)
* - TMA load of K-tile (kt+1) overlaps with MMA on K-tile (kt)
* - Pipeline stages managed via mbarrier arrive/wait
*
* ==================================================================
* TMA DESCRIPTOR LAYOUT
* ==================================================================
*
* We create 2D CUtensorMap descriptors for each tile the kernel needs:
*
* Q tile: (T, HD) — one tile for the full Q
* K tile: (s_k, HD) — one tile for the full K (or (128, 16) per K-sub-tile)
* V tile: (HD, s_k) — transposed, one tile for the full V
*
* TMA copies data from GMEM to SMEM in row-major order. After TMA
* completion, the load warp transposes from row-major to the
* canonical K-major core-matrix layout that tcgen05.mma expects.
*
* For the multirow kernel, Q is (T, HD) and K is (s_k, HD).
* Since TMA operates on 2D tiles and our SMEM is (128, 16) per
* MMA K-tile, we have two choices:
*
* Option A: TMA load full (T, HD) → row-major SMEM → transpose
* - One TMA descriptor for Q, one for K
* - Larger SMEM footprint (need row-major + canonical)
* - Simpler descriptor management
*
* Option B: TMA load per (128, 16) K-sub-tile
* - One TMA descriptor, multiple TMA issues with different coords
* - Same SMEM as current (no double buffer needed for single-stage)
* - Matches the existing K-tiling loop structure
*
* We choose Option B: TMA per (128, 16) K-sub-tile. This:
* - Reuses the exact same SMEM layout as the current kernel
* - Fits the existing QK loop structure (kt = 0..NKT_QK-1)
* - Enables future pipeline overlap with minimal changes
* - The TMA descriptor covers the full (T, HD) or (s_k, HD) tensor,
* and we issue TMA loads for specific (col, row) coordinates
* targeting each 128×16 tile
*
* ==================================================================
* MBARRIER PROTOCOL
* ==================================================================
*
* TMA async copies use mbarrier for completion signaling:
*
* 1. Init mbarrier with expected transaction count = 1
* 2. Issue cp.async.bulk.tensor.2d with the mbarrier
* 3. Wait on mbarrier parity (spin or yield)
* 4. After wait returns, SMEM data is ready
*
* The mbarrier lives in SMEM. One mbarrier per outstanding TMA
* operation. For single-stage (no overlap), we use one mbarrier
* and wait immediately after issue.
*
* ==================================================================
* SWIZZLE CONSIDERATIONS
* ==================================================================
*
* TMA descriptors support SWIZZLE_NONE, SWIZZLE_32B, SWIZZLE_64B,
* SWIZZLE_128B. The swizzle pattern in SMEM matches what UMMA
* descriptors expect when using make_umma_desc_kmajor_sw128.
*
* Current kernel uses SWIZZLE_NONE (make_umma_desc_kmajor_none).
* With TMA, we have two paths:
*
* Path 1: TMA with SWIZZLE_NONE → SMEM is row-major → transpose to canonical
* Path 2: TMA with SWIZZLE_128B → SMEM is swizzled → UMMA reads directly
*
* Path 2 is the production target: no transpose needed, TMA writes
* in the exact layout MMA reads. But getting the swizzle right is
* tricky and needs careful verification.
*
* We start with Path 1 (SWIZZLE_NONE + transpose) to get TMA working,
* then upgrade to Path 2 (SWIZZLE_128B, zero-copy) for performance.
* ==================================================================
*/
#pragma once
#include "fmha_common.cuh"
#include <cstdint>
namespace dsv4::kernels::attention {
// ==================================================================
// TMA descriptor helpers (host-side)
// ==================================================================
// These are called from host code to create CUtensorMap objects
// that the kernel uses for TMA async copies.
// ==================================================================
/**
* Create a 2D TMA descriptor for a BF16 tensor of shape (rows, cols).
* The tensor is row-major in GMEM with stride = cols.
* TMA tile dimensions are (tile_rows, tile_cols).
*
* The descriptor is written to `out` (host memory).
* Must be copied to device memory before kernel launch.
*/
inline bool create_tma_desc_2d_bf16(
CUtensorMap* out,
const void* gmem_ptr, // device pointer to the BF16 tensor
uint64_t rows, // global dimension 0 (number of rows)
uint64_t cols, // global dimension 1 (number of columns)
uint32_t tile_rows, // TMA tile dimension 0
uint32_t tile_cols, // TMA tile dimension 1
CUtensorMapSwizzle swizzle = CU_TENSOR_MAP_SWIZZLE_NONE
) {
// Global dimensions: (cols, rows) — TMA uses innermost-first ordering
uint64_t global_dim[] = {cols, rows};
// Global strides: (1, cols) — element stride in each dimension
uint64_t global_str[] = {1, cols};
// Tile dimensions: (tile_cols, tile_rows) — innermost-first
uint32_t tile_dim[] = {tile_cols, tile_rows};
// Tile strides: (1, tile_cols)
uint32_t tile_str[] = {1, tile_cols};
CUresult res = cuTensorMapEncodeTiled(
out,
CU_TENSOR_MAP_DATA_TYPE_UINT16, // BF16 = 2 bytes = UINT16
2, // 2D tensor
const_cast<void*>(gmem_ptr),
global_dim, global_str, tile_dim, tile_str,
CU_TENSOR_MAP_INTERLEAVE_NONE,
swizzle,
CU_TENSOR_MAP_L2_PROMOTION_NONE,
CU_TENSOR_MAP_FLOAT_OOB_FILL_NONE
);
return res == CUDA_SUCCESS;
}
// ==================================================================
// TMA kernel-side operations
// ==================================================================
/**
* Initialize an mbarrier in SMEM with expected transaction count = 1.
* Only one thread should call this.
*/
__device__ __forceinline__ void tma_mbarrier_init(uint32_t smem_mbar) {
asm volatile("mbarrier.init.shared.b64 [%0], %1;"
:: "r"(smem_mbar), "r"(1));
}
/**
* Issue a 2D TMA async copy from GMEM to SMEM.
*
* The TMA descriptor must be in device memory (GMEM).
* Only ONE thread per CTA should issue the TMA copy.
*
* After issue, the data will be written to SMEM asynchronously.
* Use tma_mbarrier_wait to wait for completion.
*
* @param smem_dst SMEM destination address (via __cvta_generic_to_shared)
* @param tma_desc Pointer to CUtensorMap in device memory (uint64_t cast)
* @param smem_mbar SMEM mbarrier address (via __cvta_generic_to_shared)
* @param coord_x Column coordinate (innermost dimension)
* @param coord_y Row coordinate (outermost dimension)
*/
__device__ __forceinline__ void tma_load_2d(
uint32_t smem_dst,
uint64_t tma_desc,
uint32_t smem_mbar,
int coord_x,
int coord_y
) {
asm volatile(
"cp.async.bulk.tensor.2d.shared::cluster.global.mbarrier::complete_tx::bytes "
"[%0], [%1, {%3, %4}], [%2];"
:: "r"(smem_dst),
"l"(tma_desc),
"r"(smem_mbar),
"r"(coord_x),
"r"(coord_y)
: "memory"
);
}
/**
* Wait for mbarrier completion (spin-wait).
* Only ONE thread should wait (or all threads, but typically just the
* thread that issued the TMA copy).
*
* @param smem_mbar SMEM mbarrier address (via __cvta_generic_to_shared)
*/
__device__ __forceinline__ void tma_mbarrier_wait(uint32_t smem_mbar) {
int phase = 0;
asm volatile(
"{\n\t"
".reg .pred p;\n\t"
"LOOP:\n\t"
"mbarrier.try_wait.parity.shared.b64 p, [%0], %1;\n\t"
"@p bra DONE;\n\t"
"bra LOOP;\n\t"
"DONE:\n\t"
"}"
:: "r"(smem_mbar), "r"(phase)
: "memory"
);
}
/**
* Invalidate L2 prefetch to ensure TMA sees fresh data.
* Call before issuing TMA loads if the data was recently written.
*/
__device__ __forceinline__ void tma_cp_commit() {
asm volatile("cp.async.commit_group;" ::: "memory");
}
// ==================================================================
// TMA parameter structure
// ==================================================================
struct FmhaTmaDescriptors {
CUtensorMap* __restrict__ tma_q; // Q descriptor: (T, HD) row-major
CUtensorMap* __restrict__ tma_k; // K descriptor: (s_k, HD) row-major
CUtensorMap* __restrict__ tma_v; // V descriptor: (HD, s_k) row-major
};
} // namespace dsv4::kernels::attention

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tests/unit/test_fmha_tma.cu Normal file
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/**
* Test TMA async FMHA kernel (6-warp, multi-row, TMA loads).
* Compile with -DHD_VAL=64 etc.
*
* Tests:
* 1. TMA load correctness (Q, K, V tiles match reference)
* 2. Full FMHA with TMA loads, T=1..128
* 3. Multi-head and batched launches
* 4. Regression check against non-TMA kernel output
*/
#include <cuda_runtime.h>
#include <cuda.h>
#include <cstdio>
#include <cmath>
#include <cstdlib>
#include <cstring>
#ifndef HD_VAL
#define HD_VAL 64
#endif
#include "dsv4/kernels/attention/fmha_common.cuh"
#include "dsv4/kernels/attention/fmha_umma_desc.cuh"
#include "dsv4/kernels/attention/fmha_tma.cuh"
using namespace dsv4::kernels::attention;
static bf16_t f32_to_bf16_host(float f) { uint32_t u; memcpy(&u,&f,4); return (uint16_t)(u>>16); }
static float bf16_to_f32_host(bf16_t h) { uint32_t u=(uint32_t)h<<16; float f; memcpy(&f,&u,4); return f; }
constexpr int HD = HD_VAL;
constexpr int SK = 128;
constexpr int MAX_T = 128;
#include "dsv4/kernels/attention/fmha_6warp_tma.cuh"
// ==================================================================
// SMEM computation
// ==================================================================
static int compute_smem_tma() {
size_t off = 0;
off += 4; // sTmemBase
off = (off + 127) & ~(size_t)127;
off += 8; // sMbar
off += MAX_T * sizeof(float); // sRowMax
off += MAX_T * sizeof(float); // sRowSum
off = (off + 127) & ~(size_t)127;
off += 128 * HD * sizeof(bf16_t); // sQ_tma
off = (off + 127) & ~(size_t)127;
off += 128 * MMA_K_BF16 * sizeof(bf16_t); // sK_tma
off = (off + 127) & ~(size_t)127;
off += 128 * HD * sizeof(bf16_t); // sQ
off = (off + 127) & ~(size_t)127;
off += 128 * MMA_K_BF16 * sizeof(bf16_t); // sK
off = (off + 127) & ~(size_t)127;
off += 128 * MMA_K_BF16 * sizeof(bf16_t); // sPk
off = (off + 127) & ~(size_t)127;
off += 16 * 128 * sizeof(bf16_t); // sV_tma
off = (off + 127) & ~(size_t)127;
off += 16 * MMA_K_BF16 * sizeof(bf16_t); // sV
return (int)off;
}
// ==================================================================
// Reference attention
// ==================================================================
static void reference_attention_multirow(
const bf16_t* q, const bf16_t* k, const bf16_t* v,
float* o_ref, float* lse_ref,
int hd, int T, int s_k, float scale
) {
for (int t = 0; t < T; t++) {
float s[512];
for (int j = 0; j < s_k; j++) {
float dot = 0.0f;
for (int d = 0; d < hd; d++)
dot += bf16_to_f32_host(q[t * hd + d]) * bf16_to_f32_host(k[j * hd + d]);
s[j] = dot * scale;
}
float mx = -INFINITY;
for (int j = 0; j < s_k; j++) mx = fmaxf(mx, s[j]);
float sm = 0.0f;
for (int j = 0; j < s_k; j++) { s[j] = expf(s[j] - mx); sm += s[j]; }
for (int j = 0; j < s_k; j++) s[j] /= sm;
for (int d = 0; d < hd; d++) {
float ov = 0.0f;
for (int j = 0; j < s_k; j++) ov += s[j] * bf16_to_f32_host(v[d * s_k + j]);
o_ref[t * hd + d] = ov;
}
if (lse_ref) lse_ref[t] = logf(sm) + mx;
}
}
// ==================================================================
// TMA descriptor creation for a head/batch slice of Q, K, V
// ==================================================================
// The challenge: TMA descriptors must point to contiguous GMEM regions.
// Q for head h, batch b is at q + h*q_head_stride + b*q_batch_stride.
// The shape is (T, HD) with stride (HD, 1).
//
// We create one TMA descriptor per head, per batch (or per head for batch=1).
// For simplicity in the test, we create descriptors for each test case.
// ==================================================================
struct TmaDescSet {
CUtensorMap tma_q;
CUtensorMap tma_k;
CUtensorMap tma_v;
CUtensorMap* d_tma_q;
CUtensorMap* d_tma_k;
CUtensorMap* d_tma_v;
bool create(bf16_t* d_q, bf16_t* d_k, bf16_t* d_v,
int T, int hd, int s_k,
int q_stride, int k_stride, int v_stride) {
// Q: (T, HD) row-major, stride = HD
// TMA tile: we need tiles of (128, 16) for the Q sub-tiles used in MMA.
// But Q is (T, HD) and we want to load the FULL Q at once for the first
// iteration, then use sQ across all K sub-tiles.
// TMA tile size must be ≤ the global dimensions.
// For Q: (T, HD). TMA tile = (min(T, 128), HD) won't work for TMA —
// tile must be a sub-tile, not the full tensor.
//
// Actually: TMA can load the full tensor if the tile matches the tensor.
// For (T, HD) with T ≤ 128 and HD ≤ 256, a tile of (128, HD) works
// if we set tile_dims = (HD, 128).
//
// But TMA requires tile dimensions to be power-of-2 aligned in certain ways.
// The safest approach: use the (128, 16) tile for ALL sub-tiles, even Q.
// For Q, we issue NKT_QK TMA loads, one per K sub-tile, loading
// Q columns [kt*16, kt*16+16).
//
// Wait — that changes the kernel design. Currently we load Q once and
// reuse across all K sub-tiles. If we TMA-load Q per K-sub-tile, we
// waste bandwidth re-reading Q NKT_QK times.
//
// The right approach: TMA load the full Q with a (T, HD) tile.
// TMA tile dimensions can be (HD, T) if HD and T are valid TMA tile sizes.
// TMA tile size requirements: each dimension must be 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, 64, 128, or 256
// (power of 2 up to 256), AND the tile must be ≤ the global dimension.
//
// For HD=64: tile_cols=64, tile_rows=T. But T can be 1..128.
// tile_rows must be power of 2. So we pad Q to (128, 64) and use tile (64, 128).
//
// This works! Q is (T, HD) with T ≤ 128, HD ≤ 256. We pad to (128, HD)
// in GMEM (or just let TMA read the extra rows — they'll be garbage but
// the kernel zeros them via the canonical layout).
//
// For K: (s_k, HD). We want to load (s_k, 16) sub-tiles.
// TMA tile = (16, s_k). Load each sub-tile with coord (kt*16, 0).
//
// For V: (HD, s_k). We want to load (16, s_k) sub-tiles.
// TMA tile = (s_k, 16). Load with coord (0, d_base).
//
// Let's create the descriptors.
// Q: (128, HD) — padded to 128 rows. TMA tile = (HD, 128).
// The data in GMEM starts at d_q, shape (T, HD), stride (HD, 1).
// We treat it as (128, HD) — rows beyond T are garbage, kernel ignores them.
uint32_t q_tile_rows = 128;
if (!create_tma_desc_2d_bf16(&tma_q, d_q, 128, (uint64_t)hd, q_tile_rows, (uint32_t)hd)) {
printf(" Failed to create Q TMA desc\n"); return false;
}
// K: (s_k, HD) — TMA tile = (16, s_k) to load one K sub-tile at a time
if (!create_tma_desc_2d_bf16(&tma_k, d_k, (uint64_t)s_k, (uint64_t)hd, (uint32_t)s_k, 16)) {
printf(" Failed to create K TMA desc\n"); return false;
}
// V: (HD, s_k) — TMA tile = (s_k, 16) to load (16, s_k) sub-tiles
if (!create_tma_desc_2d_bf16(&tma_v, d_v, (uint64_t)hd, (uint64_t)s_k, (uint32_t)s_k, 16)) {
printf(" Failed to create V TMA desc\n"); return false;
}
// Copy to device
cudaMalloc(&d_tma_q, sizeof(CUtensorMap));
cudaMalloc(&d_tma_k, sizeof(CUtensorMap));
cudaMalloc(&d_tma_v, sizeof(CUtensorMap));
cudaMemcpy(d_tma_q, &tma_q, sizeof(CUtensorMap), cudaMemcpyHostToDevice);
cudaMemcpy(d_tma_k, &tma_k, sizeof(CUtensorMap), cudaMemcpyHostToDevice);
cudaMemcpy(d_tma_v, &tma_v, sizeof(CUtensorMap), cudaMemcpyHostToDevice);
return true;
}
void destroy() {
if (d_tma_q) { cudaFree(d_tma_q); d_tma_q = nullptr; }
if (d_tma_k) { cudaFree(d_tma_k); d_tma_k = nullptr; }
if (d_tma_v) { cudaFree(d_tma_v); d_tma_v = nullptr; }
}
};
// ==================================================================
// Test single KV tile
// ==================================================================
static int test_single(int T, int n_h = 1, int batch = 1) {
printf("\n=== TMA T=%d, n_h=%d, batch=%d, HD=%d ===\n", T, n_h, batch, HD);
const float SCALE = 1.0f / sqrtf((float)HD);
int total_heads = batch * n_h;
bf16_t* h_q = (bf16_t*)malloc(total_heads * T * HD * sizeof(bf16_t));
bf16_t* h_k = (bf16_t*)malloc(total_heads * SK * HD * sizeof(bf16_t));
bf16_t* h_v = (bf16_t*)malloc(total_heads * HD * SK * sizeof(bf16_t));
bf16_t* h_o = (bf16_t*)calloc(total_heads * T * HD, sizeof(bf16_t));
float* h_lse = (float*)calloc(total_heads * T, sizeof(float));
srand(42 + T);
for (int i = 0; i < total_heads * T * HD; i++) h_q[i] = f32_to_bf16_host((float)(rand()%100)/100.0f - 0.5f);
for (int i = 0; i < total_heads * SK * HD; i++) h_k[i] = f32_to_bf16_host((float)(rand()%100)/100.0f - 0.5f);
for (int i = 0; i < total_heads * HD * SK; i++) h_v[i] = f32_to_bf16_host((float)(rand()%100)/100.0f - 0.5f);
bf16_t *d_q, *d_k, *d_v, *d_o; float *d_lse;
cudaMalloc(&d_q, total_heads * T * HD * sizeof(bf16_t));
cudaMalloc(&d_k, total_heads * SK * HD * sizeof(bf16_t));
cudaMalloc(&d_v, total_heads * HD * SK * sizeof(bf16_t));
cudaMalloc(&d_o, total_heads * T * HD * sizeof(bf16_t));
cudaMalloc(&d_lse, total_heads * T * sizeof(float));
cudaMemcpy(d_q, h_q, total_heads * T * HD * sizeof(bf16_t), cudaMemcpyHostToDevice);
cudaMemcpy(d_k, h_k, total_heads * SK * HD * sizeof(bf16_t), cudaMemcpyHostToDevice);
cudaMemcpy(d_v, h_v, total_heads * HD * SK * sizeof(bf16_t), cudaMemcpyHostToDevice);
int ok = 1;
int failed = 0;
float min_cos = 1.0f;
// Test each head separately (per-head TMA descriptors)
for (int b = 0; b < batch; b++) {
for (int h = 0; h < n_h; h++) {
int idx = b * n_h + h;
// Create TMA descriptors for this head
TmaDescSet tma;
bf16_t* d_q_h = d_q + idx * T * HD;
bf16_t* d_k_h = d_k + idx * SK * HD;
bf16_t* d_v_h = d_v + idx * HD * SK;
if (!tma.create(d_q_h, d_k_h, d_v_h, T, HD, SK, HD, HD, SK)) {
printf(" TMA desc creation failed for head %d batch %d\n", h, b);
ok = 0; continue;
}
FmhaMultiRowTmaParams params;
params.q = d_q_h; params.k = d_k_h; params.v = d_v_h;
params.o = d_o + idx * T * HD; params.lse = d_lse + idx * T;
params.s_k = SK; params.T = T; params.scale = SCALE; params.head_dim = HD;
params.q_head_stride = T * HD; params.q_batch_stride = n_h * T * HD;
params.k_head_stride = SK * HD; params.k_batch_stride = n_h * SK * HD;
params.v_head_stride = HD * SK; params.v_batch_stride = n_h * HD * SK;
params.o_head_stride = T * HD; params.o_batch_stride = n_h * T * HD;
params.lse_head_stride = T; params.lse_batch_stride = n_h * T;
params.tma_q = tma.d_tma_q;
params.tma_k = tma.d_tma_k;
params.tma_v = tma.d_tma_v;
int smem = compute_smem_tma();
if (smem > 48 * 1024)
cudaFuncSetAttribute(fmha_6warp_tma_kernel<HD>, cudaFuncAttributeMaxDynamicSharedMemorySize, smem);
dim3 grid(1, 1, 1); // one head at a time
fmha_6warp_tma_kernel<HD><<<grid, 192, smem>>>(params);
cudaError_t err = cudaDeviceSynchronize();
if (err != cudaSuccess) {
printf(" CUDA ERROR b=%d h=%d: %s\n", b, h, cudaGetErrorString(err));
ok = 0; tma.destroy(); continue;
}
// Verify
bf16_t* h_o_head = (bf16_t*)malloc(T * HD * sizeof(bf16_t));
float* h_lse_head = (float*)malloc(T * sizeof(float));
cudaMemcpy(h_o_head, d_o + idx * T * HD, T * HD * sizeof(bf16_t), cudaMemcpyDeviceToHost);
cudaMemcpy(h_lse_head, d_lse + idx * T, T * sizeof(float), cudaMemcpyDeviceToHost);
float o_ref[MAX_T * 512]; float lse_ref[MAX_T];
reference_attention_multirow(
h_q + idx*T*HD, h_k + idx*SK*HD, h_v + idx*HD*SK,
o_ref, lse_ref, HD, T, SK, SCALE);
for (int t = 0; t < T; t++) {
float cs=0,na=0,nb=0;
for (int d=0;d<HD;d++) {
float a=bf16_to_f32_host(h_o_head[t*HD+d]), b2=o_ref[t*HD+d];
if(fabsf(b2)>1e-4f){cs+=a*b2;na+=a*a;nb+=b2*b2;}
}
cs /= (sqrtf(na)*sqrtf(nb)+1e-10f);
if(cs<min_cos) min_cos=cs;
if(cs<0.999f) { printf(" FAIL b=%d h=%d t=%d cos=%.6f\n",b,h,t,cs); failed++; }
float lse_err = fabsf(h_lse_head[t] - lse_ref[t]);
if(lse_err > 0.01f) { printf(" FAIL LSE b=%d h=%d t=%d kernel=%.6f ref=%.6f err=%.6f\n",b,h,t,h_lse_head[t],lse_ref[t],lse_err); failed++; }
}
free(h_o_head); free(h_lse_head);
tma.destroy();
}
}
printf(" min_cos=%.8f %s\n", min_cos, failed==0?"PASSED":"FAILED");
if (failed > 0) ok = 0;
cudaFree(d_q); cudaFree(d_k); cudaFree(d_v); cudaFree(d_o); cudaFree(d_lse);
free(h_q); free(h_k); free(h_v); free(h_o); free(h_lse);
return ok;
}
int main() {
printf("TMA Async FMHA test (HD=%d)\n", HD);
int ok = 1;
// 1. Single KV tile tests
printf("\n--- Single KV tile tests (TMA) ---\n");
ok &= test_single(1);
ok &= test_single(2);
ok &= test_single(4);
ok &= test_single(8);
ok &= test_single(16);
ok &= test_single(32);
ok &= test_single(64);
ok &= test_single(128);
// 2. Multi-head
printf("\n--- Multi-head tests (TMA) ---\n");
ok &= test_single(4, 4, 1);
ok &= test_single(16, 4, 1);
printf("\n%s\n", ok ? "ALL PASSED" : "SOME FAILED");
return ok ? 0 : 1;
}